Linux运维之CentOS 7 升级内核版本

转x33g5p2x  于2022-02-07 转载在 Linux  
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系统环境：

  • 系统版本：CentOS 7.9
  • 前内核版本：3.10.0-1160
  • 升级后的内核版本：5.4.171-1
  1. $ uname -rs
  2. Linux 3.10.0-1160.45.1.el7.x86_64

安装 ELRepo 最新版本

载入公钥并安装 ELRepo 最新版本：

  1. ## 载入公钥
  2. $ rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
  4. ## 安装 ELRepo 最新版本
  5. $ yum install -y https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
  6. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  7. elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 8.6 kB  00:00:00     
  8. Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-5iUPAM/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm: elrepo-release-7.0-5.el7.elrepo.noarch
  9. Marking /var/tmp/yum-root-5iUPAM/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm to be installed
  10. Resolving Dependencies
  11. There are unfinished transactions remaining. You might consider running yum-complete-transaction, or "yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only" and "yum history redo last", first to finish them. If those don't work you'll have to try removing/installing packages by hand (maybe package-cleanup can help).
  12. --> Running transaction check
  13. ---> Package elrepo-release.noarch 0:7.0-5.el7.elrepo will be installed
  14. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  15. base/7/x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
  16. docker-ce-stable/x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | 3.5 kB  00:00:00     
  17. docker-ce-stable/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |  70 kB  00:00:00     
  18. epel/x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            | 4.7 kB  00:00:00     
  19. epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 1.0 MB  00:00:00     
  20. epel/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 7.0 MB  00:00:01     
  21. extras/7/x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  22. packages-microsoft-com-prod                                                                                                                                                                                                                            | 3.0 kB  00:00:00     
  23. packages-microsoft-com-prod/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 505 kB  00:00:00     
  24. updates/7/x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  25. updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |  13 MB  00:00:02     
  27. Dependencies Resolved
  29. ==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
  30.  Package                                                       Arch                                                  Version                                                         Repository                                                                          Size
  31. ==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
  32. Installing:
  33.  elrepo-release                                                noarch                                                7.0-5.el7.elrepo                                                /elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch                                                5.0 k
  35. Transaction Summary
  36. ==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
  37. Install  1 Package
  39. Total size: 5.0 k
  40. Installed size: 5.0 k
  41. Downloading packages:
  42. Running transaction check
  43. Running transaction test
  44. Transaction test succeeded
  45. Running transaction
  46.   Installing : elrepo-release-7.0-5.el7.elrepo.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1/1 
  47.   Verifying  : elrepo-release-7.0-5.el7.elrepo.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1/1 
  49. Installed:
  50.   elrepo-release.noarch 0:7.0-5.el7.elrepo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  52. Complete!

安装新的内核版本

查询出可以使用的 kernel 包版本：

  1. $ yum list available --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  3. Determining fastest mirrors
  4.  * elrepo-kernel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
  5. elrepo-kernel                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | 3.0 kB  00:00:00     
  6. elrepo-kernel/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | 2.0 MB  00:00:01     
  7. Available Packages
  8. kernel-lt.x86_64                                                                                                                       5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                      elrepo-kernel
  9. kernel-lt-devel.x86_64                                                                                                                 5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                      elrepo-kernel
  10. kernel-lt-doc.noarch                                                                                                                   5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                      elrepo-kernel
  11. kernel-lt-headers.x86_64                                                                                                               5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                      elrepo-kernel
  12. kernel-lt-tools.x86_64                                                                                                                 5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                      elrepo-kernel
  13. kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64                                                                                                            5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                      elrepo-kernel
  14. kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64                                                                                                      5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                      elrepo-kernel
  15. kernel-ml.x86_64                                                                                                                       5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
  16. kernel-ml-devel.x86_64                                                                                                                 5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
  17. kernel-ml-doc.noarch                                                                                                                   5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
  18. kernel-ml-headers.x86_64                                                                                                               5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
  19. kernel-ml-tools.x86_64                                                                                                                 5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
  20. kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64                                                                                                            5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
  21. kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64                                                                                                      5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
  22. perf.x86_64                                                                                                                            5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
  23. python-perf.x86_64

lt表示长期维护版，ml表示最新稳定版。

安装指定的 kernel 版本：

  1. $ yum install -y kernel-lt-5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  4.  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
  5.  * elrepo: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
  6.  * elrepo-kernel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
  7.  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
  8.  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
  9. elrepo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 3.0 kB  00:00:00     
  10. elrepo/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | 545 kB  00:00:00     
  11. Resolving Dependencies
  12. There are unfinished transactions remaining. You might consider running yum-complete-transaction, or "yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only" and "yum history redo last", first to finish them. If those don't work you'll have to try removing/installing packages by hand (maybe package-cleanup can help).
  13. --> Running transaction check
  14. ---> Package kernel-lt.x86_64 0:5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo will be installed
  15. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  17. Dependencies Resolved
  19. ==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
  20.  Package                                                       Arch                                                       Version                                                                     Repository                                                         Size
  21. ==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
  22. Installing:
  23.  kernel-lt                                                     x86_64                                                     5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                        elrepo-kernel                                                      50 M
  25. Transaction Summary
  26. ==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
  27. Install  1 Package
  29. Total download size: 50 M
  30. Installed size: 228 M
  31. Downloading packages:
  32. kernel-lt-5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                                              |  50 MB  00:00:08     
  33. Running transaction check
  34. Running transaction test
  35. Transaction test succeeded
  36. Running transaction
  37.   Installing : kernel-lt-5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1/1 
  38.   Verifying  : kernel-lt-5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1/1 
  40. Installed:
  41.   kernel-lt.x86_64 0:5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  43. Complete!

这里我选择安装5.4的版本。

设置开启系统启动时使用的内核版本：

  1. ## 查看系统可用内核
  2. $ cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg | grep menuentry
  3. if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  4.   menuentry_id_option="--id"
  5.   menuentry_id_option=""
  6. export menuentry_id_option
  7. menuentry 'CentOS Linux (5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64-advanced-0bb4bfa4-b315-43ca-a789-2b43e726c10c' {
  8. menuentry 'CentOS Linux 7 Rescue d7566b7634d99969d46b74186b897f86 (3.10.0-1160.45.1.el7.x86_64)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64-advanced-0bb4bfa4-b315-43ca-a789-2b43e726c10c' {
  9. menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.45.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64-advanced-0bb4bfa4-b315-43ca-a789-2b43e726c10c' {
  10. menuentry 'CentOS Linux 7 Rescue d4387c178451a59914edf1c69e6972e6 (3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64-advanced-0bb4bfa4-b315-43ca-a789-2b43e726c10c' {
  11. menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64-advanced-0bb4bfa4-b315-43ca-a789-2b43e726c10c' {
  12. menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64-advanced-0bb4bfa4-b315-43ca-a789-2b43e726c10c' {
  13. menuentry 'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-4314bdb98c294da598ef91c169d55769) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-4314bdb98c294da598ef91c169d55769-advanced-0bb4bfa4-b315-43ca-a789-2b43e726c10c' {
  15. ## 设置开机从新内核启动
  16. $ grub2-set-default "CentOS Linux (5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)"
  18. ## 查看内核启动项
  19. $ grub2-editenv list
  20. saved_entry=CentOS Linux (5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)

重启系统并观察内核版本

  1. ## 重启系统
  2. $ reboot
  4. ## 启动完成查看内核版本是否更新：
  5. $ uname -rs
  6. Linux 5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64

版权说明 : 本文为转载文章, 版权归原作者所有 版权申明

原文链接 : https://zuozewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/122488898

内容来源于网络，如有侵权，请联系作者删除！

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