SpringBoot.08.SpringBoot文件上传与下载

x33g5p2x  于2022-04-11 转载在 Spring  
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前言

文件操作包括文件上传文件下载

用户将自己计算机中文件上传到项目所在服务器|文件服务器|OSS的过程 称之为文件上传;文件下载则相反。下面我们先来看下文件上传

文件上传

由于本次案例会涉及到页面(jsp)操作,所以不要忘记添加配置jsp相关的东西

1.新建Module

新建Module - springboot-07-file,按照下图所示填写信息:

点击下一步选择依赖Spring Web,点击Finish。如下图所示:

2.项目配置

我们在springboot-06-AOP中的代码上进行改造。首先我们规整一下项目,然后将springboot-06-AOP中的代码拷贝过来,去除AOP相关的代码。如下图所示:

3.pom.xml

pom.xml文件中新增了jsp有关的依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.0</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.christy</groupId>
    <artifactId>springboot-07-file</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springboot-07-file</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring-boot-starter-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- druid -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mysql-connector-java -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.38</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mybatis-spring-boot-starter
          由于springboot整合mybatis版本中默认依赖mybatis 因此不需要额外引入mybati版本,否则会出现冲突
         -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 每次新建的项目如果需要开启热部署都需要引入该依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- c标签库 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 让内嵌tomcat具有解析jsp功能 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
        </dependency>
      
      	<!-- 文件上传相关 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
                    <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- 一定要注意mvn的插件一定是1.4.2.RELEASE,否则jsp访问不到 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

        <resources>
            <!-- 打包时将jsp文件拷贝到META-INF目录下-->
            <resource>
                <!-- 指定resources插件处理哪个目录下的资源文件 -->
                <directory>src/main/webapp</directory>
                <!-- 注意必须要放在此目录下才能被访问到 -->
                <targetPath>META-INF/resources</targetPath>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/**</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/**</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
</project>

4.application-dev.yml

server:
  port: 8807
  # 修改jsp无须重启应用
  servlet:
    jsp:
      init-parameters:
        development: true

# datasource
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/christy?characterEncoding=UTF-8
    username: root
    password: 123456

  # 配置视图解析器
  mvc:
    view:
      prefix: /     #这个代表jsp的根路径 需要在java包下新建webapp目录
      suffix: .jsp

  # 配置文件上传大小
  servlet:
    multipart:
      max-request-size: 10MB	# 设置请求的数据最大为10MB
      max-file-size: 10MB			# 设置能够处理的单个文件最大值为10MB

# mybatis
mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:com/christy/mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.christy.entity

# logback
# logging:
#  level:
#    root: info  # 指定全局根日志级别为INFO(默认)
#    com.christy.mapper: debug   # 指定包级别日志为debug,在控制台不打印DEBUG日志时能看到sql语句

# 多环境下我们需要指定当前使用的日志文件
logging:
  config: classpath:logs/logback-spring-dev.xml

# 文件上传路径
file:
  # window下文件上传路径
  windows:
    path: G:/files/
  # linux下文件上传路径
  linux:
    path: /usr/files/
  # 虚拟路径
  virtual:
    path: /files/

有关配置相关说明

1.设置文件上传大小

# 配置文件上传大小
  servlet:
    multipart:
      max-request-size: 10MB	# 设置请求的数据最大为10MB
      max-file-size: 10MB			# 设置能够处理的单个文件最大值为10MB

SpringBoot默认上传大小是1048576 bytes,也就是1MB(也有说是10MB的,但是我的是1MB),这里改为10MB,否则会报如下错误:

2.设置文件上传路径及虚拟路径

# 文件上传路径
file:
  # window下文件上传路径
  windows:
    path: G:/files/
  # linux下文件上传路径
  linux:
    path: /usr/files/
  # 虚拟路径
  virtual:
    path: /files/

5.设置Working directory

我们选择Edit Configuration,在Working directory中选择MODULE_DIR,然后点击Apply->OK。如下图所示:

6.upload.jsp

<%@ page pageEncoding="UTF-8" language="java" contentType="text/html; UTF-8" %>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>springboot文件上传</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <h1>文件上传</h1>
        <%--
            method:post 含有文件上传的页面提交方式必须是POST
            enctype:该属性规定在发送到服务器之前应该如何对表单数据进行编码
                     默认地,表单数据会编码为 "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"。就是说,在发送到服务器之前,
                     所有字符都会进行编码(空格转换为 "+" 加号,特殊符号转换为 ASCII HEX 值)。但是该种方式不能编码文件
                     在有文件的情况下,该值要修改为:multipart/form-data
        --%>
        <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/file/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
            <input type="file" name="file">
            <input type="submit" value="上传">
        </form>
    </body>
</html>

7.File相关

7.1 FileController.java
import com.christy.utils.FileUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author Christy
 * @Date 2021/9/14 16:28
 **/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/file")
public class FileController {
    private FileUtils fileUtils;

    @Autowired
    public FileController(FileUtils fileUtils) {
        this.fileUtils = fileUtils;
    }

    /**
     * MultipartFile file: 文件接收对象 file变量名要与form表单中input type="file"标签中的name属性一致
     *
     * @author Christy
     * @date 2021/9/15 13:57
     * @param request
     * @return java.lang.String
     */
    @RequestMapping("/upload")
    @ResponseBody
    public String upload(HttpServletRequest request) {
        try {
            fileUtils.fileUpload(request);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "文件上传失败";
        }
        return "文件上传成功";
    }
}
7.2 FileConstants.java
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @Author Christy
 * @Date 2021/9/15 16:35
 **/
@Component
public class FileConstants {
    /**
     * windows文件上传储存的地址
     */
    public static String fileWindowsPath;

    /**
     * linux文件上传储存的地址
     */
    public static String fileLinuxPath;

    /**
     * 文件上传虚拟路径
     */
    public static String fileVirtualPath;

    @Value("${file.windows.path}")
    public void setFileWindowsPath(String w) {
        fileWindowsPath = w;
    }

    @Value("${file.linux.path}")
    public void setFileLinuxPath(String l) {
        fileLinuxPath = l;
    }

    @Value("${file.virtual.path}")
    public void setFileVirtualPath(String v) {
        fileVirtualPath = v;
    }
}
7.3 FileUtils.java
import com.christy.constants.FileConstants;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartHttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * @Author Christy
 * @Date 2021/9/15 14:29
 **/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class FileUtils {
    public String getRealPath(){
        String filePath = "";
        String os = System.getProperty("os.name");
        if(os.toLowerCase().startsWith("win")){
            filePath = FileConstants.fileWindowsPath;
        } else {
            filePath = FileConstants.fileLinuxPath;
        }

        File file = new File(filePath);
        if(!file.exists() || !file.isDirectory()){
            file.mkdirs();
        }
        return filePath;
    }

    public void fileUpload(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
        CommonsMultipartResolver multipartResolver = new CommonsMultipartResolver(request.getSession().getServletContext());
        if (multipartResolver.isMultipart(request)) {
            MultipartHttpServletRequest multiRequest = (MultipartHttpServletRequest) request;
            Iterator<String> iterator = multiRequest.getFileNames();
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                // 上传的文件
                MultipartFile item = multiRequest.getFile(iterator.next());
                if (item != null) {
                    log.info("文件名:" + item.getOriginalFilename());
                    log.info("文件类型:" + item.getContentType());
                    log.info("文件大小:" + item.getSize());
                    // 文件的原始名称
                    String originalFilename = item.getOriginalFilename();
                    String ext = originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf("."));

                    // 如果名称不为“”,说明该文件存在,否则说明该文件不存在
                    if (!"".equals(originalFilename.trim())) {
                        String newFileName = UUID.randomUUID() + ext;
                        String filePath = getRealPath();

                        //不是图片,直接保存
                        item.transferTo(new File(filePath, newFileName));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

8.MyWebMvcConfigurer.java

import com.christy.constants.FileConstants;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

/**
 * @Author Christy
 * @Date 2021/9/15 16:24
 **/
@Configuration
public class MyWebMvcConfigurer implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        /**
         * 文件上传到服务器后并不能在项目中直接访问,需要将磁盘路径映射成虚拟路径使用http://domain/的方式才可以
         */
        String os = System.getProperty("os.name");
        if(os.toLowerCase().startsWith("win")){
            // Windows虚拟路径映射本地磁盘
            registry.addResourceHandler(FileConstants.fileVirtualPath + "**").addResourceLocations("file:" + FileConstants.fileWindowsPath);
        } else {
            // Linux虚拟路径映射本地磁盘
            registry.addResourceHandler(FileConstants.fileVirtualPath + "**").addResourceLocations("file:" + FileConstants.fileLinuxPath);
        }
    }
}

9.测试

9.1 windows下

我们启动项目,浏览器打开upload.jsp页面,我们选择一张图片。如下所示:

点击上传按钮,注意观察控制台和页面。成功的情况如下所示:

我们在浏览器中访问http://localhost:8807/files/e8fdb612-1fe8-4e4c-a3df-04297eef0267.jpg,图片能够正常加载。如下图所示:

9.2 linux下

我们启动虚拟机Christy(BaseOS),IP地址为192.168.8.100。进入到/usr/apps/目录下,上传jar包至该目录。如下图所示:

执行java -jar springboot-07-file-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar命令,启动该项目。如下图所示:

我们在浏览器中访问http://192.168.8.100:8807/upload.jsp,还是选择上面的图片。如下图所示:

点击上传,页面返回文件上传成功,控制台也能够打印输出文件信息。如下图所示:

我们回到目录/usr/files,可以找到刚才上传的图片。如下图所示:

我们 浏览器访问http://192.168.8.100:8807/files/29b3b42c-f72f-462a-b6f9-d19afcfeab1c.jpg,图片也可以正常加载。如下图所示:

文件下载

相比较于文件上传,文件下载就简单多了。首先我们要提供文件的下载地址,就拿上面我们上传的照片来说,他的访问地址就是我们的下载地址

在Windows中的下载地址:

http://localhost:8807/files/e8fdb612-1fe8-4e4c-a3df-04297eef0267.jpg

在Linux中的下载地址:

http://192.168.8.100:8807/files/29b3b42c-f72f-462a-b6f9-d19afcfeab1c.jpg

1.download.jsp

<%@ page pageEncoding="UTF-8" language="java" contentType="text/html; UTF-8" %>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>springboot文件下载</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <h1>文件下载</h1>

        <%--
            a标签里面的filePath就是我们最终保存到数据库中的文件路径,这里不要搞错了
         --%>
        <a
            href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/file/download?fileName=e8fdb612-1fe8-4e4c-a3df-04297eef0267.jpg&filePath=/files/e8fdb612-1fe8-4e4c-a3df-04297eef0267.jpg">
            睡美人-windows
        </a>

        <br/>

        <a
            href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/file/download?fileName=29b3b42c-f72f-462a-b6f9-d19afcfeab1c.jpg&filePath=/files/29b3b42c-f72f-462a-b6f9-d19afcfeab1c.jpg">
            睡美人-linux</a>
    </body>
</html>

2.FIleController.java

import com.christy.utils.FileUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author Christy
 * @Date 2021/9/14 16:28
 **/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/file")
public class FileController {
    private FileUtils fileUtils;

    @Autowired
    public FileController(FileUtils fileUtils) {
        this.fileUtils = fileUtils;
    }

    /**
     * MultipartFile file: 文件接收对象 file变量名要与form表单中input type="file"标签中的name属性一致
     *
     * @author Christy
     * @date 2021/9/15 13:57
     * @param request
     * @return java.lang.String
     */
    @RequestMapping("/upload")
    public String upload(HttpServletRequest request) {
        try {
            fileUtils.fileUpload(request);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "文件上传失败";
        }
        return "文件上传成功";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/download")
    public String download(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, String filePath){
        try {
            return fileUtils.fileDownload(response, fileName, filePath);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "文件下载失败!";
        }
    }
}

3.FileUtils.java

import com.christy.constants.FileConstants;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.FileCopyUtils;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartHttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver;

import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * @Author Christy
 * @Date 2021/9/15 14:29
 **/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class FileUtils {
    /**
     * 获取文件上传的真实路径
     * @author Christy
     * @date 2021/9/17 10:02
     * @param
     * @return java.lang.String
     */
    public String getUploadRealPath(){
        String filePath = "";
        String os = System.getProperty("os.name");
        if(os.toLowerCase().startsWith("win")){
            filePath = FileConstants.fileWindowsPath;
        } else {
            filePath = FileConstants.fileLinuxPath;
        }

        File file = new File(filePath);
        if(!file.exists() || !file.isDirectory()){
            file.mkdirs();
        }
        return filePath;
    }

    /**
     * 获取文件下载的真实路径
     * @author Christy
     * @date 2021/9/17 10:02
     * @param
     * @return java.lang.String
     */
    public String getDownloadRealPath(String filePath){
        String realPath = "";
        if(filePath.indexOf(FileConstants.fileVirtualPath) == 0){
            String os = System.getProperty("os.name");
            // 将文件的虚拟路径替换成物理路径
            if(os.toLowerCase().startsWith("win")){
                StringBuilder stringbuilder = new StringBuilder(filePath);
                stringbuilder.replace(0, FileConstants.fileVirtualPath.length(), FileConstants.fileWindowsPath);
                realPath = stringbuilder.toString();
            } else {
                StringBuilder stringbuilder = new StringBuilder(filePath);
                stringbuilder.replace(0, FileConstants.fileVirtualPath.length(), FileConstants.fileLinuxPath);
                realPath = stringbuilder.toString();
            }
        }

        return realPath;
    }

    public void fileUpload(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
        CommonsMultipartResolver multipartResolver = new CommonsMultipartResolver(request.getSession().getServletContext());
        if (multipartResolver.isMultipart(request)) {
            MultipartHttpServletRequest multiRequest = (MultipartHttpServletRequest) request;
            Iterator<String> iterator = multiRequest.getFileNames();
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                // 上传的文件
                MultipartFile item = multiRequest.getFile(iterator.next());
                if (item != null) {
                    log.info("文件名:" + item.getOriginalFilename());
                    log.info("文件类型:" + item.getContentType());
                    log.info("文件大小:" + item.getSize());
                    // 文件的原始名称
                    String originalFilename = item.getOriginalFilename();
                    String ext = originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf("."));

                    // 如果名称不为“”,说明该文件存在,否则说明该文件不存在
                    if (!"".equals(originalFilename.trim())) {
                        String newFileName = UUID.randomUUID() + ext;
                        String filePath = getUploadRealPath();

                        //不是图片,直接保存
                        item.transferTo(new File(filePath, newFileName));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public String fileDownload(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, String filePath) throws IOException {
        log.info("当前下载文件名为: {}",fileName);
        log.info("当前下载文件目录: {}",filePath);

        // 获取文件的真实存储路径
        String realPath = getDownloadRealPath(filePath);

        File file = new File(realPath);
        if(file.exists()){
            // 将文件读取为文件输入流
            FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);
            // 获取响应流之前 一定要设置以附件形式下载 attachment:附件
            response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
            // 获取响应输出流
            ServletOutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();

            // 输入流复制给输出流
            /*int len=0;
            byte[] b = new byte[1024];
            while(true){
                len = is.read(b);
                if(len==-1) break;
                os.write(b,0,len);
            }*/

            FileCopyUtils.copy(is,os);
            log.info("文件下载成功!");
        } else {
            return "文件不存在";
        }

        return "文件下载成功!";
    }
}

为了区别于下载时获取屋里路径的方法getDownloadRealPath(),这里将上传时获取真实路径的方法改成了getUploadRealPath()

4.测试

4.1 windows下

我们启动项目,在浏览器访问http://localhost:8807/download.jsp,然后在界面中点击睡美人-windows下载图片(这里不要点击linux下的),注意观察界面与控制台。如下图所示:

4.2 linux下

我们重新打包当前项目,传至linux服务器上,执行命令java -jar springboot-07-file-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar重新启动该项目。如下图所示:

然后浏览器访问http://192.168.8.100:8807/download.jsp,点击睡美人-linux,注意观察页面和控制台。如下图所示:

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