Spring集成Junit

Spring集成Junit步骤

Spring与Web环境集成

项目结构总览

 Spring集成Junit

原始Junit测试Spring的问题

在测试类中，每个测试方法都有一下两行代码：

//获得应用上下文对象
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");

//获取要被测试的对象
IAccountService as=ac.getBean("accountService"，IAccountService.class);

这两行代码的作用是获取容器，如果不写的话，直接会提示空指针异常，所以又不能轻易删除。

解决思路

• 让SpringJunit负责创建Spring容器，但是需要将配置文件的名称告诉他
• 将需要进行测试Bean直接在测试类中进行注入 

** Spring集成Junit步骤**

①导入spring集成Junit的坐标(首先导入好junit)

②使用@Runwith注解替换原来的运行期

③使用@ContextConfiguration指定配置文件或配置类

④使用@Autowired注入需要测试的对象

⑤创建测试方法进行测试

在pom.xml中导入

<dependencies>   

 <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

** 在test包下创建SpringJunitTest类**

package com.test;

import com.service.UserService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

//指定Spring提供的内核去测试
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

//将要测试的文件告诉它
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:ApplicationContext.xml")
public class SpringJunitTest {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        userService.save();
    }
}

测试结果

Spring与Web环境集成

在创建dao包，创建service包，创建web包，在resource资源
在创建一个UserDao和UserDaoImpl实现类

接口下

package com.dao;

public interface UserDao {
    public void save();
}

实现类

package com.dao.Impl;

import com.dao.UserDao;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("save running...");
    }
}

service包下，创建UserService和UserServiceImpl

接口

package com.service;

public interface UserService {
    public void save();
}

实现类下

package com.service.Impl;

import com.dao.UserDao;
import com.service.UserService;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    public UserDao userDao;

    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    public void save() {
        userDao.save();
    }
}

pom.xml下

<dependencies>

    <dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.0</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

resource资源路径下

applicationContext.xml下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.dao.Impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>

    <bean id="userService" class="com.service.Impl.UserServiceImpl">
<!-- 给service注入dao的值       -->
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

web包下，UserServlet类下，使用注解完成配置

package com.web;

import com.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

//使用注解代替web.xml中的配置
@WebServlet("/user")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet  {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ApplicationContext app= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
        System.out.println("jin");

    }
}

 项目结构总览