Netty——网络编程(阻塞理解及代码示例)

x33g5p2x  于2022-08-17 转载在 其他  
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一、阻塞概述

  • 阻塞模式下,相关方法都会导致线程暂停。
    (1)、ServerSocketChannel.accept 会在没有连接建立时让线程暂停;
    (2)、SocketChannel.read 会在没有数据可读时让线程暂停;
    (3)、阻塞的表现其实就是线程暂停了,暂停期间不会占用 cpu,但线程相当于闲置;
  • 单线程下,阻塞方法之间相互影响,几乎不能正常工作,需要多线程支持。
  • 但多线程下,有新的问题,体现在以下方面
    (1)、32 位 jvm 一个线程 320k,64 位 jvm 一个线程 1024k,如果连接数过多,必然导致 OOM,并且线程太多,反而会因为频繁上下文切换导致性能降低;
    (2)、可以采用线程池技术来减少线程数和线程上下文切换,但治标不治本,如果有很多连接建立,但长时间 inactive,会阻塞线程池中所有线程,因此不适合长连接,只适合短连接;

二、阻塞模式服务端代码示例(使用nio实现)

  • 服务端代码
  1. package com.example.nettytest.nio.day3;
  2. import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
  3. import java.io.IOException;
  4. import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
  5. import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
  6. import java.nio.channels.*;
  7. import java.util.ArrayList;
  8. import java.util.Iterator;
  9. import static com.example.nettytest.nio.day1.ByteBufferUtil.debugRead;
  10. /**
  11. * @description: 阻塞模式服务端代码示例(使用nio实现)
  12. * @author: xz
  13. * @create: 2022-08-15 21:21
  14. */
  15. @Slf4j
  16. public class TestServer {
  17. public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
  18. nioBlockServer();
  19. }
  20. /**
  21. * 使用nio来理解阻塞模式(单线程服务端)
  22. * */
  23. private static void nioBlockServer() throws IOException {
  24. //1、创建ByteBuffer,容量16
  25. ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(16);
  26. //2、创建服务器
  27. ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open();
  28. //3、绑定监听端口
  29. ssc.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));
  30. //4、连接集合
  31. ArrayList<SocketChannel> channels = new ArrayList<>();
  32. while(true){
  33. log.info("connecting...");
  34. //5、accept() 建立与客户端连接, SocketChannel 用来与客户端之间通信
  35. SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept();//启动服务端,阻塞方法,线程停止运行
  36. log.info("create connected SocketChannel... {}", sc);
  37. //6、建立的客户端连接sc 添加到 连接集合channels中
  38. channels.add(sc);
  39. //7、遍历连接集合
  40. for(SocketChannel channel : channels){
  41. log.info("before read channel ... {}", channel);
  42. // 8、 接收客户端发送的数据,从channel中读取数据写入到byteBuffer中
  43. channel.read(byteBuffer);// 启动客户端,阻塞方法,线程停止运行
  44. //切换读模式
  45. byteBuffer.flip();
  46. //打印可读取内容(从byteBuffer中读取数据内容)
  47. debugRead(byteBuffer);
  48. //切换回写模式
  49. byteBuffer.clear();
  50. log.info("after read channel ... {}", channel);
  51. }
  52. }
  53. }
  54. }

三、阻塞模式客户端代码示例(使用nio实现)

  • 客户端代码
  1. package com.example.nettytest.nio.day3;
  2. import java.io.IOException;
  3. import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
  4. import java.net.SocketAddress;
  5. import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
  6. /**
  7. * @description:
  8. * @author: xz
  9. * @create: 2022-08-15 21:45
  10. */
  11. public class TestClient {
  12. public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
  13. SocketChannel sc = SocketChannel.open();
  14. sc.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080));
  15. SocketAddress address = sc.getLocalAddress();
  16. //debug模式后,点击src参数,右键选择 输入表达式sc.write(Charset.defaultCharset().encode("hello"));然后执行
  17. System.out.println("waiting...");
  18. }
  19. }

四、工具类代码示例

  • 工具类,打印输入、输出数据使用
  1. package com.example.nettytest.nio.day1;
  2. import io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil;
  3. import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
  4. import static io.netty.util.internal.MathUtil.isOutOfBounds;
  5. import static io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil.NEWLINE;
  6. public class ByteBufferUtil {
  7. private static final char[] BYTE2CHAR = new char[256];
  8. private static final char[] HEXDUMP_TABLE = new char[256 * 4];
  9. private static final String[] HEXPADDING = new String[16];
  10. private static final String[] HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES = new String[65536 >>> 4];
  11. private static final String[] BYTE2HEX = new String[256];
  12. private static final String[] BYTEPADDING = new String[16];
  13. static {
  14. final char[] DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
  15. for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
  16. HEXDUMP_TABLE[i << 1] = DIGITS[i >>> 4 & 0x0F];
  17. HEXDUMP_TABLE[(i << 1) + 1] = DIGITS[i & 0x0F];
  18. }
  19. int i;
  20. // Generate the lookup table for hex dump paddings
  21. for (i = 0; i < HEXPADDING.length; i++) {
  22. int padding = HEXPADDING.length - i;
  23. StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(padding * 3);
  24. for (int j = 0; j < padding; j++) {
  25. buf.append(" ");
  26. }
  27. HEXPADDING[i] = buf.toString();
  28. }
  29. // Generate the lookup table for the start-offset header in each row (up to 64KiB).
  30. for (i = 0; i < HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES.length; i++) {
  31. StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(12);
  32. buf.append(NEWLINE);
  33. buf.append(Long.toHexString(i << 4 & 0xFFFFFFFFL | 0x100000000L));
  34. buf.setCharAt(buf.length() - 9, '|');
  35. buf.append('|');
  36. HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES[i] = buf.toString();
  37. }
  38. // Generate the lookup table for byte-to-hex-dump conversion
  39. for (i = 0; i < BYTE2HEX.length; i++) {
  40. BYTE2HEX[i] = ' ' + StringUtil.byteToHexStringPadded(i);
  41. }
  42. // Generate the lookup table for byte dump paddings
  43. for (i = 0; i < BYTEPADDING.length; i++) {
  44. int padding = BYTEPADDING.length - i;
  45. StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(padding);
  46. for (int j = 0; j < padding; j++) {
  47. buf.append(' ');
  48. }
  49. BYTEPADDING[i] = buf.toString();
  50. }
  51. // Generate the lookup table for byte-to-char conversion
  52. for (i = 0; i < BYTE2CHAR.length; i++) {
  53. if (i <= 0x1f || i >= 0x7f) {
  54. BYTE2CHAR[i] = '.';
  55. } else {
  56. BYTE2CHAR[i] = (char) i;
  57. }
  58. }
  59. }
  60. /**
  61. * 打印所有内容
  62. * @param buffer
  63. */
  64. public static void debugAll(ByteBuffer buffer) {
  65. int oldlimit = buffer.limit();
  66. buffer.limit(buffer.capacity());
  67. StringBuilder origin = new StringBuilder(256);
  68. appendPrettyHexDump(origin, buffer, 0, buffer.capacity());
  69. System.out.println("+--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+");
  70. System.out.printf("position: [%d], limit: [%d]\n", buffer.position(), oldlimit);
  71. System.out.println(origin);
  72. buffer.limit(oldlimit);
  73. }
  74. /**
  75. * 打印可读取内容
  76. * @param buffer
  77. */
  78. public static void debugRead(ByteBuffer buffer) {
  79. StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(256);
  80. appendPrettyHexDump(builder, buffer, buffer.position(), buffer.limit() - buffer.position());
  81. System.out.println("+--------+-------------------- read -----------------------+----------------+");
  82. System.out.printf("position: [%d], limit: [%d]\n", buffer.position(), buffer.limit());
  83. System.out.println(builder);
  84. }
  85. public static void main(String[] args) {
  86. ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
  87. buffer.put(new byte[]{97, 98, 99, 100});
  88. debugAll(buffer);
  89. }
  90. private static void appendPrettyHexDump(StringBuilder dump, ByteBuffer buf, int offset, int length) {
  91. if (isOutOfBounds(offset, length, buf.capacity())) {
  92. throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
  93. "expected: " + "0 <= offset(" + offset + ") <= offset + length(" + length
  94. + ") <= " + "buf.capacity(" + buf.capacity() + ')');
  95. }
  96. if (length == 0) {
  97. return;
  98. }
  99. dump.append(
  100. " +-------------------------------------------------+" +
  101. NEWLINE + " | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |" +
  102. NEWLINE + "+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+");
  103. final int startIndex = offset;
  104. final int fullRows = length >>> 4;
  105. final int remainder = length & 0xF;
  106. // Dump the rows which have 16 bytes.
  107. for (int row = 0; row < fullRows; row++) {
  108. int rowStartIndex = (row << 4) + startIndex;
  109. // Per-row prefix.
  110. appendHexDumpRowPrefix(dump, row, rowStartIndex);
  111. // Hex dump
  112. int rowEndIndex = rowStartIndex + 16;
  113. for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
  114. dump.append(BYTE2HEX[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
  115. }
  116. dump.append(" |");
  117. // ASCII dump
  118. for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
  119. dump.append(BYTE2CHAR[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
  120. }
  121. dump.append('|');
  122. }
  123. // Dump the last row which has less than 16 bytes.
  124. if (remainder != 0) {
  125. int rowStartIndex = (fullRows << 4) + startIndex;
  126. appendHexDumpRowPrefix(dump, fullRows, rowStartIndex);
  127. // Hex dump
  128. int rowEndIndex = rowStartIndex + remainder;
  129. for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
  130. dump.append(BYTE2HEX[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
  131. }
  132. dump.append(HEXPADDING[remainder]);
  133. dump.append(" |");
  134. // Ascii dump
  135. for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
  136. dump.append(BYTE2CHAR[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
  137. }
  138. dump.append(BYTEPADDING[remainder]);
  139. dump.append('|');
  140. }
  141. dump.append(NEWLINE +
  142. "+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+");
  143. }
  144. private static void appendHexDumpRowPrefix(StringBuilder dump, int row, int rowStartIndex) {
  145. if (row < HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES.length) {
  146. dump.append(HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES[row]);
  147. } else {
  148. dump.append(NEWLINE);
  149. dump.append(Long.toHexString(rowStartIndex & 0xFFFFFFFFL | 0x100000000L));
  150. dump.setCharAt(dump.length() - 9, '|');
  151. dump.append('|');
  152. }
  153. }
  154. public static short getUnsignedByte(ByteBuffer buffer, int index) {
  155. return (short) (buffer.get(index) & 0xFF);
  156. }
  157. }
  1. ### 五、阻塞模式代码示例本地调试
  2. * **启动服务端,服务端accept方法为阻塞方法,线程停止运行。如下图所示:**
  3. ![](//img.saoniuhuo.com/images/202208/21251660737711943.jpg)
  4. * **debug模式启动客户端,服务端read方法为,阻塞方法,线程停止运行。如下图所示:**
  5. ![](//img.saoniuhuo.com/images/202208/3731660737712597.jpg)
  6. * **客户端选择sc参数右键,点击【Evaluate Expression…】,弹出的窗口输入sc.write(Charset.defaultCharset().encode(“hello”)); 表示客户端发送数据。如下图所示:**
  7. ![](//img.saoniuhuo.com/images/202208/96851660737714144.jpg)
  8. ![](//img.saoniuhuo.com/images/202208/42931660737715511.jpg)
  9. * **此时,再看服务端,已经接收到了客户端发送的hello数据,服务端并重新进入到了accept方法,阻塞方法,线程停止运行。如下图所示:**
  10. ![](//img.saoniuhuo.com/images/202208/54421660737716977.jpg)
  11. * **最后放过客户端debug断点,输出如下图所示:**
  12. ![](//img.saoniuhuo.com/images/202208/56191660737718495.jpg)

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