Linux环境下MySQL的安装

x33g5p2x  于2020-09-30 发布在 Mysql  
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一、YUM安装MySQL

1.1 删除已安装的MySQL

检查MariaDB

shell> rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
mariadb-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

删除mariadb

如果不存在(上面检查结果返回空)则跳过步骤

shell> rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-server
shell> rpm -e --nodeps mariadb
shell> rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs

其实yum方式安装是可以不用删除mariadb的,安装MySQL会覆盖掉之前已存在的mariadb。

1.2 添加MySQL Yum Repository

从CentOS 7开始,MariaDB成为Yum源中默认的数据库安装包。也就是说在CentOS 7及以上的系统中使用yum安装MySQL默认安装的会是MariaDB(MySQL的一个分支)。如果想安装官方MySQL版本,需要使用MySQL提供的Yum源。

下载MySQL源

官网地址:dev.mysql.com/downloads/r…

查看系统版本:

shell> cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)

选择对应的版本进行下载,例如CentOS 7当前在官网查看最新Yum源的下载地址为: dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80…

shell> wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

安装MySQL源

shell> sudo rpm -Uvh platform-and-version-specific-package-name.rp

检查是否安装成功

执行成功后会在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下生成两个repo文件mysql-community.repomysql-community-source.repo

并且通过yum repolist可以看到mysql相关资源

shell> yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
!mysql-connectors-community/x86_64       MySQL Connectors Community          141
!mysql-tools-community/x86_64            MySQL Tools Community               105
!mysql57-community/x86_64                MySQL 5.7 Community Server          404

1.3 选择MySQL版本

使用MySQL Yum Repository安装MySQL,默认会选择当前最新的稳定版本,例如通过上面的MySQL源进行安装的话,默安装会选择MySQL 8.0版本,如果就是想要安装该版本,可以直接跳过此步骤,如果不是,比如我这里希望安装MySQL5.7版本,就需要“切换一下版本”:

查看当前MySQL Yum Repository中所有MySQL版本(每个版本在不同的子仓库中)
shell> yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community   disabled
mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community   disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community - disabled
!mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community    enabled:    141
mysql-connectors-community-source  MySQL Connectors Community -  disabled
!mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community         enabled:    105
mysql-tools-community-source       MySQL Tools Community - Sourc disabled
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64         MySQL Tools Preview           disabled
mysql-tools-preview-source         MySQL Tools Preview - Source  disabled
mysql55-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.5 Community Server    disabled
mysql55-community-source           MySQL 5.5 Community Server -  disabled
mysql56-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.6 Community Server    disabled
mysql56-community-source           MySQL 5.6 Community Server -  disabled
!mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server    enabled:    404
mysql57-community-source           MySQL 5.7 Community Server -  disabled
mysql80-community/x86_64           MySQL 8.0 Community Server    disabled
mysql80-community-source           MySQL 8.0 Community Server -  disabled
切换版本

编辑/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo文件,enabled=0禁用,enabled=1启用

1.4 安装MySQL

yum install mysql-community-server

启动MySQL

systemctl start mysqld.service

查看MySQL状态

systemctl status mysqld.service

设置为开机启动

systemctl enable mysqld.service

1.5 修改密码

MySQL第一次启动后会创建超级管理员账号root@localhost,初始密码存储在日志文件中:

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

修改默认密码

mysql -uroot -p

输入日志文件中的初始密码。

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

如果出现

ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

解决方案:

输入语句 SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';查看,需要设置密码的验证强度等级,设置 validate_password_policy 全局参数为 LOW ,输入设值语句 set global validate_password_policy=LOW; 进行设值;修改密码长度,输入设值语句 set global validate_password_length=${your_pwd_length}; 进行设值,

关于 mysql 密码策略相关参数;

1)validate_password_length 固定密码的总长度;

2)validate_password_dictionary_file 指定密码验证的文件路径;

3)validate_password_mixed_case_count 整个密码中至少要包含大/小写字母的总个数;

4)validate_password_number_count 整个密码中至少要包含阿拉伯数字的个数;

5)validate_password_policy 指定密码的强度验证等级,默认为 MEDIUM;
关于 validate_password_policy 的取值:
LOW:只验证长度;
MEDIUM:验证长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符;
2STRONG:验证长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符、字典文件;
6)validate_password_special_char_count 整个密码中至少要包含特殊字符的个数;

1.6 允许root远程访问

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

1.7 设置编码为utf8

查看编码
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
设置编码

编辑/etc/my.cnf,[mysqld]节点增加以下代码:

[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'

1.8 远程测试连接MySQL

MySQL服务有可能状态本地、虚拟机或者远程机器,可使用本地navicat等工具测试连接。

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