如果文本文件中有数字，可以用空格分隔，然后在Map器中进行拆分和求和，如下所示：
Map器：

public class SumMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, NullWritable, IntWritable> {
    protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        int sum = Arrays.stream(value.toString().split(" ")).mapToInt(Integer::valueOf).sum();
        context.write(NullWritable.get(), new IntWritable(sum));
    }
}

作业控制：

public class LocalMapReduceRunner {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Runtime.getRuntime().exec("rm -rf " + args[1]);

        Job job = Job.getInstance(new Configuration());

        job.setJobName("MR_runner");
        job.setJarByClass(LocalMapReduceRunner.class);

        job.setMapperClass(SumMapper.class);
        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(NullWritable.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);

        FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(args[0]));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));

        System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
    }
}

感谢@cricket\u 007的建议。