我正在使用kafka在spring boot中开发一个异步邮件服务器。
我用嵌入式Kafka编写了测试，它在一个随机端口中启动自己的Kafka主题，并使用它进行测试。
当我启动这个应用程序时，上下文正在加载，它在我的本地应用程序中预期为kafka集群。我需要停止加载应用程序conext。我复制了https://github.com/code-not-found/spring-kafka/blob/master/spring-kafka-unit-test-classrule/src/test/java/com/codenotfound/kafka/producer/springkafkasendertest.java 效果非常好。当我在我的项目中遵循同样的风格时，我可以看到实际的应用程序开始了。
java语言

package com.mailer.embeddedkafkatests;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.ClassRule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.listener.ContainerProperties;
import org.springframework.kafka.listener.KafkaMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.kafka.listener.MessageListener;
import org.springframework.kafka.test.rule.EmbeddedKafkaRule;
import org.springframework.kafka.test.utils.ContainerTestUtils;
import org.springframework.kafka.test.utils.KafkaTestUtils;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.DirtiesContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.mailer.model.Mail;
import com.mailer.producer.KafkaMessageProducer;
import com.mailer.serializer.MailSerializer;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@DirtiesContext
public class SpringKafkaSenderTest {
  private static final Logger LOGGER =
      LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringKafkaSenderTest.class);
  private static String SENDER_TOPIC = "sender.t";
  @Autowired
  private KafkaMessageProducer sender;
  private KafkaMessageListenerContainer<String, Mail> container;
  private BlockingQueue<ConsumerRecord<String, Mail>> records;
  @ClassRule
  public static EmbeddedKafkaRule embeddedKafka =
      new EmbeddedKafkaRule(1, true, SENDER_TOPIC);
  @Before
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    // set up the Kafka consumer properties
    Map<String, Object> consumerProperties =
        KafkaTestUtils.consumerProps("sender", "false",
            embeddedKafka.getEmbeddedKafka());
    consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
    consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, MailSerializer.class);
    // create a Kafka consumer factory
    DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<String, Mail> consumerFactory =
        new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<String, Mail>(
            consumerProperties);//, new StringDeserializer(), new JsonDeserializer<>(Mail.class));
    // set the topic that needs to be consumed
    ContainerProperties containerProperties =
        new ContainerProperties(SENDER_TOPIC);
    // create a Kafka MessageListenerContainer
    container = new KafkaMessageListenerContainer<>(consumerFactory,
        containerProperties);
    // create a thread safe queue to store the received message
    records = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
    // setup a Kafka message listener
    container
        .setupMessageListener(new MessageListener<String, Mail>() {
          @Override
          public void onMessage(
              ConsumerRecord<String, Mail> record) {
            LOGGER.debug("test-listener received message='{}'",
                record.toString());
            records.add(record);
          }
        });
    // start the container and underlying message listener
    container.start();
    // wait until the container has the required number of assigned partitions
    ContainerTestUtils.waitForAssignment(container,
        embeddedKafka.getEmbeddedKafka().getPartitionsPerTopic());
  }
  @After
  public void tearDown() {
    // stop the container
    container.stop();
  }
  @Test
  public void testSend() throws InterruptedException {
    // send the message
    Mail mail = new Mail();
    mail.setFrom("vinoth@local.com");
    sender.sendMessage(mail);
    Thread.sleep(4000);
    // check that the message was received
    ConsumerRecord<String, Mail> received =
        records.poll(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    // Hamcrest Matchers to check the value
    assertTrue(received.value().getFrom().equals(mail.getFrom()));
    System.out.println(received.value().getFrom());
//    assertThat(received, hasValue(mail));
    // AssertJ Condition to check the key
//    assertThat(received).has(key(null));
  }
}