https://gist.github.com/asmaier/6465468#file-kafkaproducertest java
此示例已更新为在新的0.8.2.2版本中工作。以下是具有maven依赖项的代码段：
pom.xml文件：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
      <artifactId>kafka_2.11</artifactId>
      <version>0.8.2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
      <artifactId>kafka_2.11</artifactId>
      <version>0.8.2.2</version>
      <classifier>test</classifier>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
      <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
      <version>0.8.2.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

kafkaproducertest.java文件：

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.I0Itec.zkclient.ZkClient;
import org.junit.Test;
import kafka.admin.TopicCommand;
import kafka.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
import kafka.consumer.ConsumerIterator;
import kafka.consumer.KafkaStream;
import kafka.javaapi.consumer.ConsumerConnector;
import kafka.producer.KeyedMessage;
import kafka.producer.Producer;
import kafka.producer.ProducerConfig;
import kafka.server.KafkaConfig;
import kafka.server.KafkaServer;
import kafka.utils.MockTime;
import kafka.utils.TestUtils;
import kafka.utils.TestZKUtils;
import kafka.utils.Time;
import kafka.utils.ZKStringSerializer$;
import kafka.zk.EmbeddedZookeeper;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

/**
 * For online documentation
 * see
 * https://github.com/apache/kafka/blob/0.8.2/core/src/test/scala/unit/kafka/utils/TestUtils.scala
 * https://github.com/apache/kafka/blob/0.8.2/core/src/main/scala/kafka/admin/TopicCommand.scala
 * https://github.com/apache/kafka/blob/0.8.2/core/src/test/scala/unit/kafka/admin/TopicCommandTest.scala
 */
public class KafkaProducerTest {

    private int brokerId = 0;
    private String topic = "test";

    @Test
    public void producerTest() throws InterruptedException {

        // setup Zookeeper
        String zkConnect = TestZKUtils.zookeeperConnect();
        EmbeddedZookeeper zkServer = new EmbeddedZookeeper(zkConnect);
        ZkClient zkClient = new ZkClient(zkServer.connectString(), 30000, 30000, ZKStringSerializer$.MODULE$);

        // setup Broker
        int port = TestUtils.choosePort();
        Properties props = TestUtils.createBrokerConfig(brokerId, port, true);

        KafkaConfig config = new KafkaConfig(props);
        Time mock = new MockTime();
        KafkaServer kafkaServer = TestUtils.createServer(config, mock);

        String [] arguments = new String[]{"--topic", topic, "--partitions", "1","--replication-factor", "1"};
        // create topic
        TopicCommand.createTopic(zkClient, new TopicCommand.TopicCommandOptions(arguments));

        List<KafkaServer> servers = new ArrayList<KafkaServer>();
        servers.add(kafkaServer);
        TestUtils.waitUntilMetadataIsPropagated(scala.collection.JavaConversions.asScalaBuffer(servers), topic, 0, 5000);

        // setup producer
        Properties properties = TestUtils.getProducerConfig("localhost:" + port);
        ProducerConfig producerConfig = new ProducerConfig(properties);
        Producer producer = new Producer(producerConfig);

        // setup simple consumer
        Properties consumerProperties = TestUtils.createConsumerProperties(zkServer.connectString(), "group0", "consumer0", -1);
        ConsumerConnector consumer = kafka.consumer.Consumer.createJavaConsumerConnector(new ConsumerConfig(consumerProperties));

        // send message
        KeyedMessage<Integer, byte[]> data = new KeyedMessage(topic, "test-message".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

        List<KeyedMessage> messages = new ArrayList<KeyedMessage>();
        messages.add(data);

        producer.send(scala.collection.JavaConversions.asScalaBuffer(messages));
        producer.close();

        // deleting zookeeper information to make sure the consumer starts from the beginning
        // see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14935755/how-to-get-data-from-old-offset-point-in-kafka
        zkClient.delete("/consumers/group0");

        // starting consumer
        Map<String, Integer> topicCountMap = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
        topicCountMap.put(topic, 1);
        Map<String, List<KafkaStream<byte[], byte[]>>> consumerMap = consumer.createMessageStreams(topicCountMap);
        KafkaStream<byte[], byte[]> stream = consumerMap.get(topic).get(0);
        ConsumerIterator<byte[], byte[]> iterator = stream.iterator();

        if(iterator.hasNext()) {
            String msg = new String(iterator.next().message(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            System.out.println(msg);
            assertEquals("test-message", msg);
        } else {
            fail();
        }

        // cleanup
        consumer.shutdown();
        kafkaServer.shutdown();
        zkClient.close();
        zkServer.shutdown();
    }
}

一定要检查你的mvn dependency:tree for 任何冲突的库。我必须为slf和log4j添加排除项：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka_2.11</artifactId>
    <version>0.8.2.2</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka_2.11</artifactId>
    <version>0.8.2.2</version>
    <classifier>test</classifier>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
    <version>0.8.2.2</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

我正在研究的另一个选项是使用apachecurator：是否可以在进程中启动zookeeper服务器示例，比如用于单元测试？

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
    <artifactId>curator-test</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.0-incubating</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

测试服务器zktestserver；

@Before
public void startZookeeper() throws Exception {
    zkTestServer = new TestingServer(2181);
    cli = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(zkTestServer.getConnectString(), new RetryOneTime(2000));
}

@After
public void stopZookeeper() throws IOException {
    cli.close();
    zkTestServer.stop();
}

您是否尝试过使用mockito这样的模拟框架来模拟kafka消费者对象？