尝试以下操作：

select * from products_bind_variant_stock_combination p
where 
  exists (select 1 from products_bind_variant_stock_combination p2 where p2.stockId = p.stockId and  variantId=1)
  and exists (select 1 from products_bind_variant_stock_combination  p2 where p2.stockId = p.stockId and variantId=4)
  and exists (select 1 from products_bind_variant_stock_combination  p2 where p2.stockId = p.stockId  and variantId=8);

这将为您提供具有相同stockid的所有记录，其中存在具有其他variantid的其他记录。

使用 group by 以及 group_concat 首先查找stockid列表，然后使用stockid列表筛选表。
更新，解决订购问题。

select * from `products_bind_variant_stock_combination`
where stockId in (select stockId 
                    from `products_bind_variant_stock_combination` 
                    group by stockId 
                    having group_concat(variantId order by stockId) = '1,4,8')

在派生表中，我们可以得到 stockId 只有
1,4,8 variantId 价值观。为了找到它，我们可以 GROUP BY 在 stockId 并采用基于条件聚集的过滤方法 HAVING 条款。
现在，我们可以使用 stockId 把所有的行都找出来 stockId 价值观。

SELECT
  t1.*
FROM products_bind_variant_stock_combination AS t1
JOIN (SELECT stockID
      FROM products_bind_variant_stock_combination
      GROUP BY stockID 
      HAVING SUM(variantId = 1) AND /* has variantId = 1 */
             SUM(variantId = 4) AND /* has variantId = 4 */
             SUM(variantId = 8) AND /* has variantId = 8 */
             NOT SUM(variantId NOT IN (1,4,8)) /* no other variantId exists */
     ) AS t2 ON t2.stockId = t1.stockID