你可以试试这个，看看你能得到什么。这在很大程度上取决于 FIRST_NAME 以及 LAST_NAME ，但它避免了 OR .

SELECT 
  FIRST.NAME,
  SECOND.FIRST_NAME,
  SECOND.LAST_NAME
FROM FIRST_TABLE FIRST
  LEFT JOIN (
     SELECT S1.FIRST_NAME as TEST_NAME,
            S1.FIRST_NAME,
            S1.LAST_NAME       
     FROM   SECOND_TABLE S1
     WHERE  S1.FIRST_NAME <> S1.LAST_NAME
     UNION ALL
     SELECT S2.LAST_NAME as TEST_NAME,
            S2.FIRST_NAME,
            S2.LAST_NAME       
     FROM   SECOND_TABLE S2
   ) AS SECOND
  ON FIRST.NAME = SECOND.TEST_NAME

这回答了问题的原始版本。
你和我一起生活会更好 exists :

SELECT FIRST.ID, FIRST.NAME
FROM FIRST_TABLE FIRST 
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM SECOND_TABLE SECOND WHERE SECOND.FIRST_NAME = FIRST.NAME) OR
      EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM SECOND_TABLE SECOND WHERE  SECOND.LAST_NAME = FIRST.NAME);

然后，为了提高性能，您需要启用索引 SECOND_TABLE(LAST_NAME) 以及 SECOND_TABLE(FIRST_NAME) .