使用存在并联合所有

SELECT t.*
FROM tablea t
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM tableb t1 WHERE t1.cola = t.cola AND t1.colb <> t.colb)
union all    
SELECT t.*
FROM tableb t
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM tablea t1 WHERE t1.cola = t.cola AND t1.colb <> t.colb)

因为您只需要在两个表中都具有匹配fk值的行，所以我们只需要使用 INNER JOIN .
现在，我们可以使用 WHERE .. <> .. 当比较表a和表b时，我们只能得到表a的行：

SELECT
 tA.* 
FROM tableA AS tA
JOIN tableB AS tB 
  ON tB.ColumnC = tA.ColumnA
WHERE tB.ColumnD <> tA.ColumnB

在比较表b和表a时，只需从表b中获取行：

SELECT
 tB.* 
FROM tableA AS tA
JOIN tableB AS tB 
  ON tB.ColumnC = tA.ColumnA
WHERE tB.ColumnD <> tA.ColumnB

我会做：

SELECT t.*
FROM tablea t
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM tableb t1 WHERE t1.cola = t.cola AND t1.colb <> t.cold);

第二个版本也一样，只需要刷表名。