您需要在按id from quality分区的reason表中创建一个排序，然后将其透视到希望返回的from quality列上。在下面的代码中，为了避免对基表进行修改，我使用了变量和子查询。

CREATE TABLE Quality (
  QualityID INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
  Value VARCHAR(50),
  PRIMARY KEY(QualityID)
  );

 CREATE TABLE Reason (
  ReasonID INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
  QualityID INT,
  Status varchar(50),
  PRIMARY KEY(ReasonID)
  );

  INSERT INTO Quality (Value) VALUES ('A1'),('A2');

  INSERT INTO Reason (QualityID, Status) VALUES (1,'Test1'),(1,'Test2'),(2,'Test3'),(2,'Test4'),(2,'Test5');

  SET @RC = 0;
SET @QC = 0;

SELECT
Q.Value,
MAX(IF(R.OrderNo = 1, R.Status, NULL)) AS Status1,
MAX(IF(R.OrderNo = 2, R.Status, NULL)) AS Status2,
MAX(IF(R.OrderNo = 3, R.Status, NULL)) AS Status3
FROM Quality Q
INNER JOIN (SELECT
@RC:=CASE
    WHEN @QC = QualityID THEN @RC + 1
    ELSE 1
END AS OrderNo,
@QC:=QualityID as QualityID,
Status
FROM Reason R)R ON R.QualityID = Q.QualityID
GROUP BY Q.Value;