不使用mysqldump复制/复制数据库

qmb5sa22  于 2021-06-18  发布在  Mysql
关注(0)|答案(11)|浏览(390)

如果没有对服务器的本地访问,是否有任何方法可以将mysql数据库(有内容和无内容)复制/克隆到另一个数据库而不使用 mysqldump ?
我目前正在使用mysql 4.0。

carvr3hs

carvr3hs1#

在php中:

function cloneDatabase($dbName, $newDbName){
    global $admin;
    $db_check = @mysql_select_db ( $dbName );
    $getTables  =   $admin->query("SHOW TABLES");   
    $tables =   array();
    while($row = mysql_fetch_row($getTables)){
        $tables[]   =   $row[0];
    }
    $createTable    =   mysql_query("CREATE DATABASE `$newDbName` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;") or die(mysql_error());
    foreach($tables as $cTable){
        $db_check   =   @mysql_select_db ( $newDbName );
        $create     =   $admin->query("CREATE TABLE $cTable LIKE ".$dbName.".".$cTable);
        if(!$create) {
            $error  =   true;
        }
        $insert     =   $admin->query("INSERT INTO $cTable SELECT * FROM ".$dbName.".".$cTable);
    }
    return !isset($error);
}

// usage
$clone  = cloneDatabase('dbname','newdbname');  // first: toCopy, second: new database
krugob8w

krugob8w2#

实际上,我想在php中实现这一点,但这里的答案都不是很有帮助,所以下面是我使用mysqli的非常简单的解决方案:

// Database variables

$DB_HOST = 'localhost';
$DB_USER = 'root';
$DB_PASS = '1234';

$DB_SRC = 'existing_db';
$DB_DST = 'newly_created_db';

// MYSQL Connect

$mysqli = new mysqli( $DB_HOST, $DB_USER, $DB_PASS ) or die( $mysqli->error );

// Create destination database

$mysqli->query( "CREATE DATABASE $DB_DST" ) or die( $mysqli->error );

// Iterate through tables of source database

$tables = $mysqli->query( "SHOW TABLES FROM $DB_SRC" ) or die( $mysqli->error );

while( $table = $tables->fetch_array() ): $TABLE = $table[0];

    // Copy table and contents in destination database

    $mysqli->query( "CREATE TABLE $DB_DST.$TABLE LIKE $DB_SRC.$TABLE" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
    $mysqli->query( "INSERT INTO $DB_DST.$TABLE SELECT * FROM $DB_SRC.$TABLE" ) or die( $mysqli->error );

endwhile;
o4hqfura

o4hqfura3#

我看得出你说你不想用 mysqldump ,但我在查找类似解决方案时访问了此页,其他人可能也会找到它。有鉴于此,下面是一种从windows服务器的命令行复制数据库的简单方法:
使用mysqladmin或您喜欢的方法创建目标数据库。在这个例子中, db2 是目标数据库,源数据库 db1 将被复制。
在命令行上执行以下语句: mysqldump -h [server] -u [user] -p[password] db1 | mysql -h [server] -u [user] -p[password] db2 注意:中间没有空格 -p 以及 [password]

sqyvllje

sqyvllje4#

如果您使用的是linux,那么可以使用这个bash脚本:(它可能需要一些额外的代码清理,但是它可以工作。。。而且比mysqldump(mysql)快得多


# !/bin/bash

DBUSER=user
DBPASSWORD=pwd
DBSNAME=sourceDb
DBNAME=destinationDb
DBSERVER=db.example.com

fCreateTable=""
fInsertData=""
echo "Copying database ... (may take a while ...)"
DBCONN="-h ${DBSERVER} -u ${DBUSER} --password=${DBPASSWORD}"
echo "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS ${DBNAME}" | mysql ${DBCONN}
echo "CREATE DATABASE ${DBNAME}" | mysql ${DBCONN}
for TABLE in `echo "SHOW TABLES" | mysql $DBCONN $DBSNAME | tail -n +2`; do
        createTable=`echo "SHOW CREATE TABLE ${TABLE}"|mysql -B -r $DBCONN $DBSNAME|tail -n +2|cut -f 2-`
        fCreateTable="${fCreateTable} ; ${createTable}"
        insertData="INSERT INTO ${DBNAME}.${TABLE} SELECT * FROM ${DBSNAME}.${TABLE}"
        fInsertData="${fInsertData} ; ${insertData}"
done;
echo "$fCreateTable ; $fInsertData" | mysql $DBCONN $DBNAME
bq3bfh9z

bq3bfh9z5#

显示sql命令的sql需要运行才能将数据库从一个数据库复制到另一个数据库。对于每个表,都有create table语句和insert语句。它假定两个数据库位于同一服务器上:

select @fromdb:="crm";
select @todb:="crmen";

SET group_concat_max_len=100000000;

SELECT  GROUP_CONCAT( concat("CREATE TABLE `",@todb,"`.`",table_name,"` LIKE `",@fromdb,"`.`",table_name,"`;\n",
"INSERT INTO `",@todb,"`.`",table_name,"` SELECT * FROM `",@fromdb,"`.`",table_name,"`;") 

SEPARATOR '\n\n')

as sqlstatement
 FROM information_schema.tables where table_schema=@fromdb and TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE';
wrrgggsh

wrrgggsh6#

注意,作为附加mysql实用程序的一部分,有一个mysqldbcopy命令。。。。https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-utilities/1.5/en/utils-task-clone-db.html

sf6xfgos

sf6xfgos7#

通过运行以下命令,可以复制没有数据的表:

CREATE TABLE x LIKE y;

(见mysql create table docs)
您可以编写一个脚本,从 SHOW TABLES 并将架构复制到另一个数据库。您应该能够引用schema+表名,例如:

CREATE TABLE x LIKE other_db.y;

就数据而言,您也可以在mysql中完成,但不一定很快。创建引用后,可以运行以下操作来复制数据:

INSERT INTO x SELECT * FROM other_db.y;

如果您使用的是myisam,最好是复制表文件;会快得多。如果您将innodb用于每个表空间,那么您应该也可以这样做。
如果你最后做了一个 INSERT INTO SELECT ,请确保使用临时关闭索引 ALTER TABLE x DISABLE KEYS !
editmaatkit还有一些脚本可能有助于同步数据。它可能不会更快,但您可能可以在实时数据上运行它们的同步脚本,而无需太多锁定。

yi0zb3m4

yi0zb3m48#

mysqldump是一个不错的解决方案。复制数据库的最简单方法: mysqldump -uusername -ppass dbname1 | mysql -uusername -ppass dbname2 此外,您还可以通过以下方式更改存储引擎: mysqldump -uusername -ppass dbname1 | sed 's/InnoDB/RocksDB/' | mysql -uusername -ppass dbname2

kcrjzv8t

kcrjzv8t9#

我真的不知道你说的“本地访问”是什么意思。但对于该解决方案,您需要能够通过ssh访问服务器,以复制存储数据库的文件。
我不能使用mysqldump,因为我的数据库很大(7go,mysqldump fail),如果2个mysql数据库的版本太不同,它可能无法工作,您可以使用mysql-v检查您的mysql版本。
1) 将数据从远程服务器复制到本地计算机(vps是远程服务器的别名,可以替换为root@1.2.3.4)

ssh vps:/etc/init.d/mysql stop
scp -rC vps:/var/lib/mysql/ /tmp/var_lib_mysql
ssh vps:/etc/init.d/apache2 start

2) 导入复制到本地计算机上的数据

/etc/init.d/mysql stop
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /tmp/var_lib_mysql
sudo nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf
-> [mysqld]
-> datadir=/tmp/var_lib_mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql start

如果您有不同的版本,则可能需要运行

/etc/init.d/mysql stop
mysql_upgrade -u root -pPASSWORD --force #that step took almost 1hrs
/etc/init.d/mysql start
jei2mxaa

jei2mxaa10#

不使用mysqldump克隆数据库表的最佳方法:
创建新数据库。
使用以下查询创建克隆查询:

SET @NewSchema = 'your_new_db';
SET @OldSchema = 'your_exists_db';
SELECT CONCAT('CREATE TABLE ',@NewSchema,'.',table_name, ' LIKE ', TABLE_SCHEMA ,'.',table_name,';INSERT INTO ',@NewSchema,'.',table_name,' SELECT * FROM ', TABLE_SCHEMA ,'.',table_name,';') 
FROM information_schema.TABLES where TABLE_SCHEMA = @OldSchema AND TABLE_TYPE != 'VIEW';

运行输出!
但请注意,上面的脚本只是快速克隆表,而不是视图、触发器和用户函数:您可以通过 mysqldump --no-data --triggers -uroot -ppassword ,然后使用仅克隆insert语句。
为什么是实际问题?因为如果数据库超过2gb,mysqldumps的上传速度会非常慢。而且不能仅仅通过复制数据库文件(比如快照备份)来克隆innodb表。

2nbm6dog

2nbm6dog11#

所有先前的解决方案都有一点道理,但是,它们并没有复制所有的内容。我创建了一个php函数(尽管有点长),它可以复制所有内容,包括表、外键、数据、视图、过程、函数、触发器和事件。代码如下:

/* This function takes the database connection, an existing database, and the new database and duplicates everything in the new database. */
function copyDatabase($c, $oldDB, $newDB) {

    // creates the schema if it does not exist
    $schema = "CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {$newDB};";
    mysqli_query($c, $schema);

    // selects the new schema
    mysqli_select_db($c, $newDB);

    // gets all tables in the old schema
    $tables = "SELECT table_name
               FROM information_schema.tables
               WHERE table_schema = '{$oldDB}'
               AND table_type = 'BASE TABLE'";
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $tables);

    // checks if any tables were returned and recreates them in the new schema, adds the foreign keys, and inserts the associated data
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {

        // recreates all tables first
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $table = "CREATE TABLE {$newDB}.{$row[0]} LIKE {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
            mysqli_query($c, $table);
        }

        // resets the results to loop through again
        mysqli_data_seek($results, 0);

        // loops through each table to add foreign key and insert data
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {

            // inserts the data into each table
            $data = "INSERT IGNORE INTO {$newDB}.{$row[0]} SELECT * FROM {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
            mysqli_query($c, $data);

            // gets all foreign keys for a particular table in the old schema
            $fks = "SELECT constraint_name, column_name, table_name, referenced_table_name, referenced_column_name
                    FROM information_schema.key_column_usage
                    WHERE referenced_table_name IS NOT NULL
                    AND table_schema = '{$oldDB}'
                    AND table_name = '{$row[0]}'";
            $fkResults = mysqli_query($c, $fks);

            // checks if any foreign keys were returned and recreates them in the new schema
            // Note: ON UPDATE and ON DELETE are not pulled from the original so you would have to change this to your liking
            if (mysqli_num_rows($fkResults) > 0) {
                while ($fkRow = mysqli_fetch_array($fkResults)) {
                    $fkQuery = "ALTER TABLE {$newDB}.{$row[0]}                              
                                ADD CONSTRAINT {$fkRow[0]}
                                FOREIGN KEY ({$fkRow[1]}) REFERENCES {$newDB}.{$fkRow[3]}({$fkRow[1]})
                                ON UPDATE CASCADE
                                ON DELETE CASCADE;";
                    mysqli_query($c, $fkQuery);
                }
            }
        }   
    }

    // gets all views in the old schema
    $views = "SHOW FULL TABLES IN {$oldDB} WHERE table_type LIKE 'VIEW'";                
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $views);

    // checks if any views were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $view = "SHOW CREATE VIEW {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
            $viewResults = mysqli_query($c, $view);
            $viewRow = mysqli_fetch_array($viewResults);
            mysqli_query($c, preg_replace("/CREATE(.*?)VIEW/", "CREATE VIEW", str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $viewRow[1])));
        }
    }

    // gets all triggers in the old schema
    $triggers = "SELECT trigger_name, action_timing, event_manipulation, event_object_table, created
                 FROM information_schema.triggers
                 WHERE trigger_schema = '{$oldDB}'";                 
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $triggers);

    // checks if any triggers were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $trigger = "SHOW CREATE TRIGGER {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
            $triggerResults = mysqli_query($c, $trigger);
            $triggerRow = mysqli_fetch_array($triggerResults);
            mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $triggerRow[2]));
        }
    }

    // gets all procedures in the old schema
    $procedures = "SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS WHERE db = '{$oldDB}'";
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $procedures);

    // checks if any procedures were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $procedure = "SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
            $procedureResults = mysqli_query($c, $procedure);
            $procedureRow = mysqli_fetch_array($procedureResults);
            mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $procedureRow[2]));
        }
    }

    // gets all functions in the old schema
    $functions = "SHOW FUNCTION STATUS WHERE db = '{$oldDB}'";
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $functions);

    // checks if any functions were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $function = "SHOW CREATE FUNCTION {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
            $functionResults = mysqli_query($c, $function);
            $functionRow = mysqli_fetch_array($functionResults);
            mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $functionRow[2]));
        }
    }

    // selects the old schema (a must for copying events)
    mysqli_select_db($c, $oldDB);

    // gets all events in the old schema
    $query = "SHOW EVENTS
              WHERE db = '{$oldDB}';";
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $query);

    // selects the new schema again
    mysqli_select_db($c, $newDB);

    // checks if any events were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $event = "SHOW CREATE EVENT {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
            $eventResults = mysqli_query($c, $event);
            $eventRow = mysqli_fetch_array($eventResults);
            mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $eventRow[3]));
        }
    }
}

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