我想你只是想要一个 HAVING 条款：

SELECT r.IndustryVertical,
       COUNT(*) AS IndustryVerticalCount,
       r.City 
FROM records r
WHERE r.City <> ''
GROUP BY r.IndustryVertical, r.City 
HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT COUNT(*)
                   FROM records r2
                   WHERE r2.City = r.City
                   ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC
                   LIMIT 1
                  )
ORDER BY IndustryVerticalCount DESC;

这个怎么样？我认为应该这样做：

DECLARE @DataSet TABLE (
    City VARCHAR(50),
    IndustryVertical VARCHAR(50),
    IndustryVerticalCount INT
)
INSERT INTO @DataSet SELECT 'Bangalore', 'Consumer Internet', 279
INSERT INTO @DataSet SELECT 'Bangalore', 'Technology', 269
INSERT INTO @DataSet SELECT 'Bangalore', 'Logistics', 179
INSERT INTO @DataSet SELECT 'Mumbai', 'Technology', 194
INSERT INTO @DataSet SELECT 'Mumbai', 'Consumer Internet', 89
SELECT 
    table_a.* 
FROM @DataSet table_a
LEFT JOIN @DataSet table_b 
    ON table_a.City = table_b.City
    AND table_a.IndustryVerticalCount < table_b.IndustryVerticalCount
WHERE table_b.IndustryVerticalCount IS NULL

由于您使用的是group by，它将只自动选择不同的行。因为您在两列上使用GROUPBY，所以您将得到只有两列的组合是不同的行。
您现在要做的是使用这个结果表，并对其执行查询以查找按城市分组的最大计数。

SELECT IndustryVertical, IndustryVerticalCount, City from 
   ( SELECT IndustryVertical
     , COUNT(IndustryVertical) AS IndustryVerticalCount
     , City 
  FROM `records` 
 WHERE City!='' 
 GROUP 
    BY IndustryVertical
     , City) as tbl where IndustryVerticalCount IN (Select max(IndustryVerticalCount) from ( SELECT IndustryVertical
     , COUNT(IndustryVertical) AS IndustryVerticalCount
     , City 
  FROM `records` 
 WHERE City!='' 
 GROUP 
    BY IndustryVertical
     , City) as tbl2 where tbl.City=tbl2.city)

这也许不是最有效的方法，但我认为它会奏效。