改变 Student 类Map（我只包含了相关部分）到：

@Entity
@Table(name = "student", catalog = "students")
public class Student implements java.io.Serializable {

    ...

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, cascade = CascadeType.PERSIST)
    @JoinColumn(name = "student_career",referencedColumnName="career_name" nullable = false)
    private Career career;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, cascade = CascadeType.PERSIST)
    @JoinColumn(name = "student_section", nullable = false)
    private Section section;

    ...
}

referencedcolumnname用于显式Map Career 正确列的外键 career_name 而不是它的id career_id ，有关详细信息，请查看此相关问题。
已添加cascadetype.persist以将两者保存到 Career 以及 Section 保存时 Student ，否则，数据库将找不到 Student 的外键，（我想，这就是 SqlExceptionHelper )