您应该能够在配置单元语言中为联接使用子字符串。逻辑应该是合理的，虽然你可能需要调整它为您的需要一点。
你要做的是一元（或自）连接。下面是一个可以传递的查询类型的示例。实际上，您是在加入一个or条件，并用case语句测试该条件以获得“pair\u key”。我使用了一个内部连接，假设您只需要匹配发生的示例。

SELECT 
     t1.customer as Customer1,
     t2.customer as Customer2,
     t1.Accounts as Accounts1,
     t2.Accounts as Accounts2,
     CONCAT(t1.Accounts, t2.Accounts) as Pair_No,
     t1.Name as Name1,
     t2.Name as Name2,
     t1.YOB as YOB1,
     t2.YOB as YOB2,
     CASE
     WHEN t1.YOB = t2.YOB THEN 'YOB'
     WHEN SUBSTR(t1.Name, 3) = SUBSTR(t2.Name, 3) THEN 'Name'
     else 'Issue'
     END as Pair_Key
FROM (SELECT * FROM Table1) as t1
inner join (SELECT * FROM Table1) as t2 --instance 2 of the same table
on (SUBSTR(t1.Name, 3) = SUBSTR(t2.Name, 3) OR t1.YOB = t2.YOB)

如果没有测试数据或更多关于你走了多远的细节，这只是一个开始。
如果客户编号需要相同，只需调整为：

on (t1.Customer = t2.Customer) and (SUBSTR(t1.Name, 3) = SUBSTR(t2.Name, 3) OR t1.YOB = t2.YOB)

这就是你所描述的：

select t1.*, t2.name, t2.yob
from t t1 join
     t t2
     on t2.customer = t1.customer and
        (t2.yob = t1.yob or
         substr(t2.name, 1, 3) = substr(t1.name, 1, 3)
        ) and
        t2.account > t1.account;

没有必要去拿 customer 两次。如果需要“相同”对，则将最后一个条件更改为 >= .