你不需要重新发明轮子。 ALTER TABLE table_name [PARTITION partition_spec] CONCATENATE 可用于将较小的orc文件合并为较大的文件，因为 Hive 0.14.0. 合并发生在条带级别，这样可以避免对数据进行解压缩和解码。它工作得很快。我建议创建一个按天分区的外部表（分区是目录），然后合并它们 PARTITION (day_column) 作为分区规范。
看这里：语言手册+兽人

这里有很好的答案，但这些都不允许我运行cron作业，这样我就可以每天进行汇总。我们每天都有日志文件写入hdfs，我不想每天进来时都在hive中运行查询。
我最后做的事情对我来说似乎更直截了当。我编写了一个java程序，它使用orc库扫描目录中的所有文件，并创建这些文件的列表。然后打开一个新的writer，它是“组合”文件（以“.”开头，因此它对配置单元隐藏，否则配置单元将失败）。然后程序打开列表中的每个文件，读取内容并将其写入组合文件。读取所有文件后，它将删除这些文件。我还添加了在需要时一次运行一个目录的功能。
注意：您需要一个模式文件。journald日志可以输出为json“journalctl-ojson”，然后您可以使用apacheorc工具生成一个模式文件，也可以手动生成一个模式文件。从兽人的自动发电机是好的，但手动总是更好。
注意：要按原样使用这段代码，您需要一个有效的keytab并在类路径中添加-dkeytab=。

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileStatus;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.vector.VectorizedRowBatch;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation;
import org.apache.orc.OrcFile;
import org.apache.orc.Reader;
import org.apache.orc.RecordReader;
import org.apache.orc.TypeDescription;
import org.apache.orc.Writer;

import com.cloudera.org.joda.time.LocalDate;

public class OrcFileRollUp {

  private final static String SCHEMA = "journald.schema";
  private final static String UTF_8 = "UTF-8";
  private final static String HDFS_BASE_LOGS_DIR = "/<baseDir>/logs";
  private static final String keytabLocation = System.getProperty("keytab");
  private static final String kerberosUser = "<userName>";
  private static Writer writer;

  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

    Configuration conf = new Configuration();
    conf.set("hadoop.security.authentication", "Kerberos");

    InetAddress myHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
    String kerberosPrincipal = String.format("%s/%s", kerberosUser, myHost.getHostName());
    UserGroupInformation.setConfiguration(conf);
    UserGroupInformation.loginUserFromKeytab(kerberosPrincipal, keytabLocation);

    int currentDay = LocalDate.now().getDayOfMonth();
    int currentMonth = LocalDate.now().getMonthOfYear();
    int currentYear = LocalDate.now().getYear();

    Path path = new Path(HDFS_BASE_LOGS_DIR);

    FileSystem fileSystem = path.getFileSystem(conf);
    System.out.println("The URI is: " + fileSystem.getUri());

    //Get Hosts:
    List<String> allHostsPath = getHosts(path, fileSystem);

    TypeDescription schema = TypeDescription.fromString(getSchema(SCHEMA)
        .replaceAll("\n", ""));

    //Open each file for reading and write contents
    for(int i = 0; i < allHostsPath.size(); i++) {

      String outFile = "." + currentYear + "_" + currentMonth + "_" + currentDay + ".orc.working";            //filename:  .2018_04_24.orc.working

      //Create list of files from directory and today's date OR pass a directory in via the command line in format 
      //hdfs://<namenode>:8020/HDFS_BASE_LOGS_DIR/<hostname>/2018/4/24/
      String directory = "";
      Path outFilePath;
      Path argsPath;
      List<String> orcFiles;

      if(args.length == 0) {
        directory = currentYear + "/" + currentMonth + "/" + currentDay;
        outFilePath = new Path(allHostsPath.get(i) + "/" + directory + "/" + outFile);
        try {
          orcFiles = getAllFilePath(new Path(allHostsPath.get(i) + "/" + directory), fileSystem);
        } catch (Exception e) {
          continue;
        }
      } else {
        outFilePath = new Path(args[0] + "/" + outFile);
        argsPath = new Path(args[0]);
        try {
          orcFiles = getAllFilePath(argsPath, fileSystem);
        } catch (Exception e) {
          continue;
        }
      }

      //Create List of files in the directory

      FileSystem fs = outFilePath.getFileSystem(conf);

      //Writer MUST be below ^^ or the combination file will be deleted as well.
      if(fs.exists(outFilePath)) {
        System.out.println(outFilePath + " exists, delete before continuing.");
      } else {
       writer = OrcFile.createWriter(outFilePath, OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
            .setSchema(schema));
      }

      for(int j = 0; j < orcFiles.size(); j++ ) { 
        Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(new Path(orcFiles.get(j)), OrcFile.readerOptions(conf));

        VectorizedRowBatch batch = reader.getSchema().createRowBatch();
        RecordReader rows = reader.rows();

        while (rows.nextBatch(batch)) {
          if (batch != null) {
             writer.addRowBatch(batch);
          }
        }
        rows.close();
        fs.delete(new Path(orcFiles.get(j)), false);
      }
      //Close File
      writer.close();

      //Remove leading "." from ORC file to make visible to Hive
      outFile = fileSystem.getFileStatus(outFilePath)
                                      .getPath()
                                      .getName();

      if (outFile.startsWith(".")) {
        outFile = outFile.substring(1);

        int lastIndexOf = outFile.lastIndexOf(".working");
        outFile = outFile.substring(0, lastIndexOf);
      }

      Path parent = outFilePath.getParent();

      fileSystem.rename(outFilePath, new Path(parent, outFile));

      if(args.length != 0)
        break;
    }
  }

  private static String getSchema(String resource) throws IOException {
    try (InputStream input = OrcFileRollUp.class.getResourceAsStream("/" + resource)) {
      return IOUtils.toString(input, UTF_8);
    }
  }

  public static List<String> getHosts(Path filePath, FileSystem fs) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
    List<String> hostsList = new ArrayList<String>();
    FileStatus[] fileStatus = fs.listStatus(filePath);
    for (FileStatus fileStat : fileStatus) {
      hostsList.add(fileStat.getPath().toString());
    }
    return hostsList;
  }

  private static List<String> getAllFilePath(Path filePath, FileSystem fs) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
    List<String> fileList = new ArrayList<String>();
    FileStatus[] fileStatus = fs.listStatus(filePath);
    for (FileStatus fileStat : fileStatus) {
      if (fileStat.isDirectory()) {
        fileList.addAll(getAllFilePath(fileStat.getPath(), fs));
      } else {
        fileList.add(fileStat.getPath()
                             .toString());
      }
    }
    for(int i = 0; i< fileList.size(); i++) {
      if(!fileList.get(i).endsWith(".orc"))
        fileList.remove(i);
    }

    return fileList;
  }

}