不，只允许一个范围。但不要绝望。 count(*) 是添加剂：

select row_id,
       (count(*) over (partition by group_id
                       order by filter_key1, filter_key2
                       range between 12 preceding and 12 following
                      ) +
        count(*) over (partition by group_id
                       order by filter_key1, filter_key2
                       range between 5 preceding and 1 preceding
                      )
       ) as the_count
from table

这个特别的例子看起来很奇怪，因为范围是重叠的。也许这就是你的意图。
基于你的问题，我想知道你是否想要：

select row_id,
       (count(*) over (partition by group_id
                       order by filter_key1
                       range between 12 preceding and 12 following
                      ) +
        count(*) over (partition by group_id
                       order by filter_key2
                       range between 5 preceding and 1 preceding
                      )
       ) as the_count
from table