我有个解决办法。我试过了，我能完成你的目标。
teradata中使用的查询：
查询1：

create volatile table var as (
select 'filter_value' as var_field
) with data on commit preserve rows;

问题2：

select * from table
where some_field = (select var_field from var);

在impala中工作的查询与上述场景相同：
查询1：

create table var as
select 'filter_value' as var_field;

问题2：

SELECT * FROM test
where test_field in (select var_field from var);

测试步骤：
1.可变表创建：

create table var as
select 'filter_value' as var_field;

+-------------------+
| summary           |
+-------------------+
| Inserted 1 row(s) |
+-------------------+

2.易失性表数据检查：

SELECT * FROM var;

+--------------+
| var_field    |
+--------------+
| filter_value |
+--------------+

3.示例表创建和数据插入：

CREATE TABLE test 
(test_field string);

Fetched 0 row(s) in 0.81s

----

INSERT INTO test
values ("filter_value");

Modified 1 row(s) in 5.64s

----

INSERT INTO test
values ("filter_value2");

Modified 1 row(s) in 0.32s
----

4.样表数据检查：

select * from test;

+---------------+
| test_field    |
+---------------+
| filter_value  |
| filter_value2 |
+---------------+

5.目标：

SELECT * FROM test
where test_field in (select var_field from var);

+--------------+
| test_field   |
+--------------+
| filter_value |
+--------------+