我想知道，处理这个问题的最佳方法是从 onCreateDialog 方法：

public class RecordDialog extends AppCompatDialogFragment {
    private DialogInterface.OnClickListener OnStopListener;

    public RecordDialog(DialogInterface.OnClickListener onStopListener){
        //EDIT: calling super constructor to initialize the dialog properly 
        super();
        OnStopListener = onStopListener;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
        builder.setTitle("Recording...")
                .setIcon(R.drawable.ic_record)
                .setPositiveButton ("Stop", OnStopListener);
        return builder.create();
    }
}

然后你像这样使用它：

public void openRecordDialog(View view) {
    if (view.getId() == R.id.btnRec1) {
        ...

        RecordDialog recordDialog = new RecordDialog(
            new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    //Calling your function to stop the recording
                    stop();
                }
            }
        );
        ...
    }
}