很抱歉，我没有检查您的代码，因为您使用的是不安全模式，不应再在新项目中使用。
下面是在cbc模式下使用aes进行文件加密和解密的示例代码。该程序生成一个用于加密和解密的随机密钥（使用base64编码中的out-of-the-key以获得更好的存储），生成一个随机初始化向量（iv），该向量写在加密文件的开头。
对于解密，前16个字节作为未加密数据读取，所有其他数据通过解密流。
加密是在cipheroutput-/inputstream的帮助下以8192字节的块进行的。
安全警告：该代码没有任何异常处理，仅用于教育目的。请注意，为了提高安全性，您可以更改为经过身份验证的加密（例如，使用hmac或gcm模式进行保护）。
输出：

AES CBC 256 file encryption with CipherOutputStream
encryption key in base64 encoding: vTsd0E8MX3arfLRFjxZ58FSjkKxKYe32+rT5zCnJPVY=
result encryption: true
result decryption: true

代码：

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.CipherInputStream;
import javax.crypto.CipherOutputStream;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Base64;

public class AesCbcEncryptionWithRandomKeyCipherOutputStreamSoExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException,
            InvalidKeyException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
        System.out.println("AES CBC 256 file encryption with CipherOutputStream");
        String uncryptedFilename = "plaintext.txt";
        String encryptedFilename = "encrypted.enc";
        String decryptedFilename = "decrypted.txt";

        // generate random aes 256 key
        byte[] encryptionKey = new byte[32];
        SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom();
        secureRandom.nextBytes(encryptionKey);
        System.out.println("encryption key in base64 encoding: " + base64Encoding(encryptionKey));
        boolean result;
        // encryption
        result = encryptCbcFileBufferedCipherOutputStream(uncryptedFilename, encryptedFilename, encryptionKey);
        System.out.println("result encryption: " + result);
        // decryption
        result = decryptCbcFileBufferedCipherInputStream(encryptedFilename, decryptedFilename, encryptionKey);
        System.out.println("result decryption: " + result);
    }

    public static boolean encryptCbcFileBufferedCipherOutputStream(String inputFilename, String outputFilename, byte[] key)
            throws IOException, NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
        // generate random iv
        SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom();
        byte[] iv = new byte[16];
        secureRandom.nextBytes(iv);
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
        try (FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(inputFilename);
             FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(outputFilename);
             CipherOutputStream encryptedOutputStream = new CipherOutputStream(out, cipher);) {
            out.write(iv);
            SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES");
            IvParameterSpec ivParameterSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec, ivParameterSpec);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[8096];
            int nread;
            while ((nread = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
                encryptedOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, nread);
            }
            encryptedOutputStream.flush();
        }
        if (new File(outputFilename).exists()) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public static boolean decryptCbcFileBufferedCipherInputStream(String inputFilename, String outputFilename, byte[] key) throws
            IOException, NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
        byte[] iv = new byte[16];
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
        try (FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(inputFilename);
             CipherInputStream cipherInputStream = new CipherInputStream(in, cipher);
             FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(outputFilename))
        {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
            in.read(iv);
            SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES");
            IvParameterSpec ivParameterSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec, ivParameterSpec);
            int nread;
            while ((nread = cipherInputStream.read(buffer)) > 0) {
                out.write(buffer, 0, nread);
            }
            out.flush();
        }
        if (new File(outputFilename).exists()) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    private static String base64Encoding(byte[] input) {
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(input);
    }
}