当atomicinteger比synchronized快时

fcy6dtqo  于 2021-07-03  发布在  Java
关注(0)|答案(1)|浏览(465)

我已经读过很多文章,其中提到atomicinteger类比synchronize构造工作得更快。我在atomicinteger和synchronized上做了一些测试,在我的测试中,synchronized比atomicinteger快得多。我想了解出了什么问题:我的测试类不正确,或者atomicinteger在其他情况下工作得更快?
这是我的测试课:

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
    {
        // creating tester "synchronized" class
        TesterSynchronized testSyn = new TesterSynchronized();

        // Creating 3 threads
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(testSyn);
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(testSyn);
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(testSyn);

        // start time
        long beforeSyn = System.currentTimeMillis();

        // start
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread3.start();

        thread1.join();
        thread2.join();
        thread3.join();

        long afterSyn = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long delta = afterSyn - beforeSyn;

        System.out.println("Test synchronized: " + delta + " ms");

        // _______________________________________________________

        // creating tester "atomicInteger" class
        TesterAtomicInteger testAtomic = new TesterAtomicInteger();

        thread1 = new Thread(testAtomic);
        thread2 = new Thread(testAtomic);
        thread3 = new Thread(testAtomic);

        // start time
        long beforeAtomic = System.currentTimeMillis();

        // start
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread3.start();

        thread1.join();
        thread2.join();
        thread3.join();

        long afterAtomic = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long deltaAtomic = afterAtomic - beforeAtomic;

        System.out.println("Test atomic integer: " + deltaAtomic + " ms");
    }
}

// Synchronized tester
class TesterSynchronized implements Runnable {
    public int integerValue = 0;

    public synchronized void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1_000_000; i++)
            integerValue++;
    }
}

// AtomicInteger class tester
class TesterAtomicInteger implements Runnable {
    AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0);

    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1_000_000; i++)
            atomicInteger.incrementAndGet();
    }
}

测试参数:3线程,增量为1_000_000;结果:
测试同步:7毫秒。测试原子整数:51毫秒
我很高兴了解为什么会发生这种情况。
如果将同步方法更改为同步块,则测试将是正确的。

// Synchronized tester
class TesterSynchronized implements Runnable {
    public int integerValue = 0;

    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1_000_000; i++) {
            synchronized (this) {
                integerValue++;
            }
        }
    }
}
z3yyvxxp

z3yyvxxp1#

代码中的明显区别是 AtomicIntger 版本允许线程的交叉存取,而 synchronized 版本依次对每个线程执行整个循环。
可能还有其他问题。例如,jvm可以合并对 synchronized 阻止。取决于平台, incrementAndGet 可能不是原子操作,而是作为cas循环实现的—如果争用很高,那可能是个问题(我对此不完全确定)。
无论是哪种方式,如果有多个线程同时修改同一个内存位置,速度都不会很快。

相关问题