一些问题：
使用try with resources确保jdbc资源被正确清理。
不需要一个 switch 语句，因为我们实际上不需要知道列的类型。如果您使用 getObject() 以及 setObject() .
只执行一个 INSERT 源表中的每行。
在插入大量记录时使用批处理，以获得更好的性能。
以下是操作方法：

try (
    Connection conSource = DriverManager.getConnection(urlDB1, user1, password1);
    Connection conTarget = DriverManager.getConnection(urlDB2, user2, password2);
    Statement stmtSource = conSource.createStatement();
    ResultSet rsSource = stmtSource.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM " + nameOfTable);
) {
    // Build insert statement
    ResultSetMetaData metaData = rsSource.getMetaData();
    int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();
    StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder("INSERT INTO " + nameOfTable + " (");
    for (int column = 1; column <= columnCount; column++) {
        if (column != 1)
            sql.append(", ");
        sql.append(metaData.getColumnName(column));
    }
    sql.append(") VALUES (");
    for (int column = 1; column <= columnCount; column++) {
        if (column != 1)
            sql.append(", ");
        sql.append("?");
    }
    sql.append(")");

    // Copy data
    conTarget.setAutoCommit(false);
    try (PreparedStatement stmtTarget = conTarget.prepareStatement(sql.toString())) {
        int batchSize = 0;
        while (rsSource.next()) {
            for (int column = 1; column <= columnCount; column++) {
                // Copy row here. Use switch statement to control the mapping
                // if source and target table columns don't have compatible types.
                // The following statement should work for most types, so switch
                // statement only needs to cover the exceptions.
                stmtTarget.setObject(column, rsSource.getObject(column), metaData.getColumnType(column));
            }
            stmtTarget.addBatch();
            if (++batchSize == 1000) { // Flush every 1000 rows to prevent memory overflow
                stmtTarget.executeBatch();
                batchSize = 0;
            }
        }
        if (batchSize != 0)
            stmtTarget.executeBatch();
    }
    conTarget.commit();
}

你的 integerQuery 以及 varcharQuery 两者都在数据库表中插入一条记录，其中一列为填充列，另一列为空白。因为您只为一列提供值。

正如刺穿者已经提到的，你的环在错误的地方。对于rs1的每条记录，您希望使用s2插入一条记录。
您可以首先使用元数据构建一个准备好的语句，然后注入以下值：resultsetmetadata rsmd1=rs1.getmetadata（）；int columncount=rsmd1.getcolumncount（）；

StringBuffer sql=new StringBuffer("insert into "+nameOfTable+" (");
for (int column = 1; column <= columnCount; column++) {

    String columnName = rsmd1.getColumnName(column);
    if(column>1)
        sql.append(",");
    sql.append(columnName);
}
sql.append(") values (");
for(int i=1;i<=columnCount;i++)
{
    sql.append((i==1?"":",")+ "?");
}
sql.append(")");
System.out.println("Prepared SQL:"+sql.toString());
// sql = insert into nameOfTable (col1,col2,col3) values (?,?,?)
PreparedStatement s2= con2.prepareStatement(sql.toString());

while (rs1.next()) {
    s2.clearParameters();
    for (int column = 1; column <= columnCount; column++) {

        int columnType = rsmd1.getColumnType(column);

        switch (columnType) {

            case Types.INTEGER:
            case Types.SMALLINT:
            case Types.BIGINT:
            case Types.TINYINT:
                s2.setInt(column, rs1.getInt(column));
                break;

            case Types.VARCHAR:
            case Types.NVARCHAR:
            case Types.LONGNVARCHAR:
            case Types.LONGVARCHAR:
                s2.setString(column, rs1.getString(column));
                break;
            default:
                System.err.println("Not supported type for column "+column+" with type:"+columnType);
                s2.setNull(column, columnType);
                break;
        }
    } // end of for loop
    // execute statement once per record in rs1
    s2.executeUpdate();
} // end of while