你可以用除法。如果不想重复计算，请使用 apply :

select t.str_nbr,
       t.cash * 100.0 / v.total as cash_pct,
       t.planpay * 100.0 / v.total as planpay_pct,
       t.govt * 100.0 / v.total as govt_pct
from t cross apply
     (values (cash + planpay + govt)) v(total)

请注意，SQLServer执行整数除法。如果值是整数 1 / 2 是 0 而不是 0.5 . 这个 * 100.0 解决了这个问题。

只需执行与excel中相同的逻辑，但要使用t-sql。避免重复使用cte

with cte as (
  select
    str_nbr,
    CASH,
    PLANPAY,
    GOVT,
    CASH + PLANPAY + GOVT as total
  from Insurance
)
select
  str_nbr as store,
  100.0 * CASH    / total as cash,
  100.0 * PLANPAY / total as planpay,
  100.0 * GOVT    / total as govt
from cte;