这是一个缺口和孤岛问题。你的数据有点难以理解，但我认为：

select actuator, state, min(actuator_time), max(actuator_time)
from (select t.*,
             row_number() over (partition by actuator order by actuator_time) as seqnum,
             row_number() over (partition by actuator, state order by actuator_time) as seqnum_s
      from t
     ) t
group by actuator, (seqnum- seqnum_s)

对于每个致动器的最大值，使用 distinct on :

select distinct on (actuator) actuator, state, min(actuator_time), max(actuator_time)
from (select t.*,
             row_number() over (partition by actuator order by actuator_time) as seqnum,
             row_number() over (partition by actuator, state order by actuator_time) as seqnum_s
      from t
     ) t
group by actuator, (seqnum- seqnum_s)
order by actuator, max(actuator_time) - min(actuator_time) desc;