您需要按类别计算用户数。试试这个

select 
       case 
         when distance > 10 then 'long_distance'
         when distance > 5  then 'medium_distance'
         else 'short_distance'
      end as "distance_type", count(*) as "Count"
from user_distance
group by "distance_type"

演示

使用大小写表达式：

select user_id, 
       case 
         when distance <= 5 then 'short distance'
         when distance <= 10 then 'medium distance'
         else 'long distance'
       end as what
from the_table;