您可以使用packagemanager：

getPackageManager().getInstalledApplications(PackageManager.GET_META_DATA);

如果您运行的是android 11及以上版本，则需要以下权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES">

然后，您可以按如下方式对其进行迭代：

List<ApplicationInfo> currInfo = mPackageManager.getInstalledApplications(PackageManager.GET_META_DATA);
    for (ApplicationInfo tmpInf :
            currInfo) {
        PackageInfo info = 
        mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(tmpInf.packageName, 0);
        if(tmpInf.packageName.equals(PACKAGE_YOU_NEED_TO_CHECK))
           // A package you need is installed
        }