select  CA_ID   
       ,BA_ID   
       ,SA_ID
from   (select  t.*
               ,count(distinct BA_ID)  over(partition by CA_ID, SA_ID) as dcount
        from    t
       ) t
where  dcount > 1

CA_ID|BA_ID|SA_ID
-|-|
CA1|BA1|SA1
CA1|BA2|SA1
CA1|BA3|SA1
CA2|BA4|SA4
CA2|BA5|SA4

Fiddle

我们可以尝试使用聚合方法来查找匹配的CA_ID和SA_ID值：

WITH cte AS (
    SELECT CA_ID, SA_ID
    FROM yourTable
    GROUP BY CA_ID, SA_ID
    HAVING MIN(BA_ID) <> MAX(BA_ID)
)

SELECT t1.*
FROM yourTable t1
WHERE EXISTS (
    SELECT 1
    FROM cte t2
    WHERE t2.CA_ID = t1.CA_ID AND
          t2.SA_ID = t1.SA_ID
);