使用nameref的一个想法是：

source packages.config
declare -a packageList=("package_a" "package_b" "package_d")
for pkg in "${packageList[@]}"; do                                      # change variable name
    declare -n package="${pkg}"                                           # declare nameref; rest of code remains the same ...
    # Check if the specific version is installed already
    if apt show ${package[name]}=${package[ver]}; then
        echo ${package[name]} ${package[ver]} is already installed.
    else
        echo Installing ${package[name]}
        sudo apt install path/to/files/${package[name]}_${package[ver]}_${package[arch]}.deb
    fi
done

或者（正如M. Nejat艾丹和Benjamin W.所指出的）declare -n可以在while循环之前进行，例如：

declare -n package
for package in "${packageList[@]}"; do                                          
    # Check if the specific version is installed already
    if apt show ${package[name]}=${package[ver]}; then
        echo ${package[name]} ${package[ver]} is already installed.
    else
        echo Installing ${package[name]}
        sudo apt install path/to/files/${package[name]}_${package[ver]}_${package[arch]}.deb
    fi
done

简单测试：

declare -n package
for package in ${packageList[@]}; do 
    echo "${!package} : ${package[name]}"
done

这将生成：

package_a : utility-blah
package_b : tool-bleh
package_d :

这种类型的输入数据更适合JSON，而不是使用bash关联数组和间接寻址。
假设您有一个packages.json：

{
  "packages": [
    {
      "package": "package_a",
      "name": "utility-blah",
      "ver": "1.2",
      "arch": "amd64"
    },
    {
      "package": "package_b",
      "name": "utility-bleh",
      "ver": "3.4",
      "arch": "all"
    },
    {
      "package": "apache2",
      "name": "Apache2 http server",
      "ver": "2.4.52-1ubuntu4.1",
      "arch": "all"
    }
  ]
}

这样简单的POSIX shell脚本能够根据需要处理它：

# ! /bin/sh
# Fields are tab-delimited, records end with newline
IFS=$(printf '\t')
# Parses json input into record lines
jq -r '.packages[]|(.package + "\t" + .name + "\t" + .ver)' packages.json |
  # Iterates records, reading fields
  while read -r package name ver; do
    {
      # Query package for installed status and version
      # formatted into two fields
      dpkg-query -W --showformat='${db:Status-Abbrev}\t${Version}' "${package}" || :
    } 2>/dev/null | {
      # Reads status and installed version
      read -r status installed_ver _
      # If status is installed 'ii ' and installed version matches'
      if [ "${status}x" = 'ii x' ] && [ "${ver}x" = "${installed_ver}x" ]; then
        printf '%s %s is already installed.\n' "${name}" "${ver}"
      else
        printf 'Installing %s.\n' "${name}"
      fi
    }
  done

输出示例：

nstalling utility-blah.
nstalling utility-bleh.
Apache2 http server 2.4.52-1ubuntu4.1 is already installed.