如果行不多，可以

select * from foo where extract('quarter' from 'Quarter Start') = extract('quarter' from now());

但是要注意，这不能利用日期上的索引，因为季度（1，2，3，4）本身不是日期，而是一个数字。

create table stack (id serial, quarter date);
insert into stack (quarter) values ('2022-09-15');
insert into stack (quarter) values ('2022-10-10');

select * from stack;
 id |  quarter   
----+------------
  2 | 2022-09-15
  3 | 2022-10-10

select * from stack where extract('quarter' from quarter) = extract('quarter' from now());
 id |  quarter   
----+------------
  3 | 2022-10-10

如果我理解正确的话，您希望找到既与当前季度匹配又与当前年度匹配的日期。可以这样做：

SELECT yourdate FROM yourtable 
WHERE EXTRACT('quarter' FROM yourdate) =  EXTRACT('quarter' FROM now())
AND EXTRACT('year' FROM yourdate) = EXTRACT('year' FROM now());

当然，此查询可以查找满足这些条件的多个日期。如果只想查找其中最新的日期，请使用MAX：

SELECT MAX(yourdate) FROM yourtable 
WHERE EXTRACT('quarter' FROM yourdate) =  EXTRACT('quarter' FROM now())
AND EXTRACT('year' FROM yourdate) = EXTRACT('year' FROM now());

请参阅db<>fiddle

不确定您期望的结果，但可以通过提取来获得季度：

SELECT EXTRACT(quarter from '30/12/2022'::date)