我可以提供两种选择。简单的解决方案-只需在party_id组中按“ver desc，inr desc”排序：

with test_data as (
  select '00020222' inr,    '00020107' party_id,    '0001' ver union
  select '00006692',    '00006693', '0025' union
  select '00021768',    '00006693', '0006' union
  select '00024726',    '00006693', '0001' union
  select '00024727',    '00006693', '0000' union
  select '00006691',    '00006692', '0018' union
  select '00021949',    '00006692', '0000' union
  select '00024728',    '00006692', '0000' union
  select '00034567',    '00019734', '0022' union
  select '00064657',    '00019734', '0022'
)
select
  r.inr, r.party_id, r.ver
from 
(  
  select 
    t.*, 
    row_number() over(partition by t.party_id order by t.ver desc, t.inr desc) rn
  from
    test_data t
) r
where
  r.rn = 1

第二个解决方案更详细，但直接实现您的逻辑：

with test_data as (
  select '00020222' inr,    '00020107' party_id,    '0001' ver union
  select '00006692',    '00006693', '0025' union
  select '00021768',    '00006693', '0006' union
  select '00024726',    '00006693', '0001' union
  select '00024727',    '00006693', '0000' union
  select '00006691',    '00006692', '0018' union
  select '00021949',    '00006692', '0000' union
  select '00024728',    '00006692', '0000' union
  select '00034567',    '00019734', '0022' union
  select '00064657',    '00019734', '0022'
)
select 
  r.inr, r.party_id, r.ver
from
(  
  select 
    t.*,
    case when count(distinct t.ver) over(partition by t.party_id) == 1 then 1 else 0 end is_all_ver_same,
    row_number() over(partition by t.party_id order by t.ver desc) max_ver,
    row_number() over(partition by t.party_id order by t.inr desc) max_inr
  from 
    test_data t
) r   
where 
  (r.is_all_ver_same = 1 and r.max_inr = 1) or (r.is_all_ver_same = 0 and r.max_ver = 1)

我认为在一个select语句中是不可行的，因为窗口函数有其局限性，但是您需要的可以通过包含用于排序的**ROW_NUMBER（）**函数的子查询来解决：

if object_id(N'tempdb..#Temp') is not null 
drop table #Temp
create table #Temp (
    inr int null,
    party_id int null,
    ver int null
)
insert into #Temp
    (
        inr,
        party_id,
        ver
    )
values
    (00020222,  00020107,   0001),
    (00006692,  00006693,   0025),
    (00021768,  00006693,   0006),
    (00024726,  00006693,   0001),
    (00024727,  00006693,   0000),
    (00006691,  00006692,   0018),
    (00021949,  00006692,   0000),
    (00024728,  00006692,   0000),
    (00024928,  00006692,   0000),
    (00013670,  00013671,   0000),
    (00027865,  00013671,   0000),
    (00029716,  00013671,   0001),
    (00029732,  00013671,   0001),
    (00029749,  00013671,   0000)

select 
    inr,
    party_id,
    ver
from
    (
        select
            row_number() over (partition by party_id order by ver desc, inr desc) as rn,
            *
        from #Temp
    ) a
where rn = 1