您需要编写自定义反序列化程序并将telephoneMap到mobile：

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializationContext;
import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializer;
import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;

public class GsonApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File jsonFile = new File("./resource/test.json").getAbsoluteFile();

        Gson gson = new GsonBuilder()
                .create();

        try (FileReader jsonReader = new FileReader(jsonFile)) {
            System.out.println(gson.fromJson(jsonReader, User.class));
        }
    }
}

class UserJsonDeserializer implements JsonDeserializer<User> {

    @Override
    public User deserialize(JsonElement json, Type typeOfT, JsonDeserializationContext context) throws JsonParseException {
        JsonObject jsonObject = json.getAsJsonObject();

        User user = new User();
        user.setUser(jsonObject.get("user").getAsString());
        user.setMobile(jsonObject.get("telephone").getAsString());

        return user;
    }
}

@JsonAdapter(UserJsonDeserializer.class)
class User {

    private String user;
    private String mobile;

    // getters, setters, toString
}

印刷品：

User{user='user', mobile='123456789'}

如果另一个google漫游者发现这个问题，有一种方法可以处理额外的标签，而不需要完全重新创建反序列化。基于这里给出的一个例子。基本前提是这个工厂首先去反序列化类，它使用类的下一个可能的类型适配器来处理初始反序列化，做它的后处理并返回结果。

class UserTypeAdapterFactory implements TypeAdapterFactory {
    public <T> TypeAdapter<T> create(Gson gson, TypeToken<T> type) {
        if (!User.class.isAssignableFrom(type.getRawType())) return null; // this class only serializes 'User' and its subtypes
        final TypeAdapter<User> userAdapter = gson.getDelegateAdapter(this, TypeToken.get(User.class)); // next adapter that isn't this one
        final TypeAdapter<JsonElement> elementAdapter = gson.getAdapter(JsonElement.class);
        TypeAdapter<User> result = new TypeAdapter<User>() {
            public void write(JsonWriter out, User value) throws IOException {
                userAdapter.write(out, value);
            }
            public User read(JsonReader in) throws IOException {
                JsonObject object = elementAdapter.read(in).getAsJsonObject();
                User profile = userAdapter.fromJsonTree(object);
                // apply old field to the new, if found (or whatever other post processing)
                try { profile.mobile = object.get("telephone").getAsString(); }
                catch (Exception ignored) {}
                return profile;
            }
        }.nullSafe();
        return (TypeAdapter<T>) result;
    }
}

然后向Gson对象中添加如下内容，并正常使用

private Gson createGson() {
    GsonBuilder gsonBuilder = new GsonBuilder();
    gsonBuilder.registerTypeAdapterFactory(new UserTypeAdapterFactory());
    return gsonBuilder.create();
}

注意本例中的JsonReader/JsonWriter都是来自gson库，可能还有其他实现，所以要注意导入。

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.TypeAdapter;
import com.google.gson.TypeAdapterFactory;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import com.google.gson.stream.JsonReader;
import com.google.gson.stream.JsonWriter;