我敢肯定，这已经回答了许多在这里，但让我们采取你的具体例子。
创建索引

PUT lalit
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "model": {
        "type": "text",
        "fields": {
          "keyword": {
            "type": "keyword"
          }
        }
      },
      "color": {
        "type": "text",
        "fields": {
          "keyword": {
            "type": "keyword"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

摄取一些文档

POST lalit/_doc
{"color":"red","model":"bmw"}
POST lalit/_doc
{"color":"blue","model":"bmw"}
POST lalit/_doc
{"color":"red","model":"vw"}
POST lalit/_doc
{"color":"green","model":"vw"}
POST lalit/_doc
{"color":"blue","model":"ford"}

应用terms agg + filter terms agg的组合

GET lalit/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "all_models": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "model.keyword"
      }
    },
    "all_colors": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "color.keyword"
      }
    },
    "model_filtered_colors": {
      "filter": {
        "term": {
          "model.keyword": "vw"
        }
      },
      "aggs": {
        "actual_aggs": {
          "terms": {
            "field": "color.keyword"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

屈服

"aggregations" : {
    "model_filtered_colors" : {
      "doc_count" : 2,
      "actual_aggs" : {
        "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0,
        "sum_other_doc_count" : 0,
        "buckets" : [
          {
            "key" : "green",
            "doc_count" : 1
          },
          {
            "key" : "red",
            "doc_count" : 1
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "all_models" : {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count" : 0,
      "buckets" : [
        {
          "key" : "bmw",
          "doc_count" : 2
        },
        {
          "key" : "vw",
          "doc_count" : 2
        },
        {
          "key" : "ford",
          "doc_count" : 1
        }
      ]
    },
    "all_colors" : {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count" : 0,
      "buckets" : [
        {
          "key" : "blue",
          "doc_count" : 2
        },
        {
          "key" : "red",
          "doc_count" : 2
        },
        {
          "key" : "green",
          "doc_count" : 1
        }
      ]
    }
  }

model_filtered_colors按颜色提供所有vw，而其他2个聚合则提供全面的总数（不使用vw过滤器）。