我试图弄清楚，为什么我不能链接NASM x64 .obj文件到x64 .exe使用gcc version 8.1.0 (x86_64-win32-sjlj-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project)：

nasm -f win64 -o .\MyAsmProgram.obj .\MyAsmProgram.asm

gcc -march=x86-64 -mtune=intel -o .\MyAsmProgram.exe .\MyAsmProgram.obj

.\MyAsmProgram.obj:.\MyAsmProgram.asm:(.text+0x6): undefined reference to `_printf'
.\MyAsmProgram.obj:.\MyAsmProgram.asm:(.text+0xe): undefined reference to `_ExitProcess@4'
C:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib/libmingw32.a(lib64_libmingw32_a-crt0_c.o):crt0_c.c:(.text.startup+0x2e):
undefined reference to `WinMain'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

然后，我尝试链接.obj文件与另一个GCC构建gcc version 9.2.0 (MinGW.org GCC Build-20200227-1)，但它也失败了：

nasm -f win64 -o .\MyAsmProgram.obj .\MyAsmProgram.asm

gcc -march=x86-64 -mtune=intel -o .\MyAsmProgram.exe .\MyAsmProgram.obj

.\MyAsmProgram.obj: file not recognized: file format not recognized
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

详细输出gcc version 8.1.0 (x86_64-win32-sjlj-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project)：

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=C:\mingw64\bin\gcc.exe
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=C:/mingw64/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/lto-wrapper.exe
Target: x86_64-w64-mingw32
Configured with: ../../../src/gcc-8.1.0/configure --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --build=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --target=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --prefix=/mingw64 --with-sysroot=/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64 --enable-shared --enable-static --enable-targets=all --enable-multilib --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,lto --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-threads=win32 --enable-libgomp --enable-libatomic --enable-lto --enable-graphite --enable-checking=release --enable-fully-dynamic-string --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --enable-sjlj-exceptions --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-bootstrap --disable-rpath --disable-win32-registry --disable-nls --disable-werror --disable-symvers --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-64=nocona --with-tune-32=generic --with-tune-64=core2 --with-libiconv --with-system-zlib --with-gmp=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-mpfr=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-mpc=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-isl=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-pkgversion='x86_64-win32-sjlj-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project' --with-bugurl=https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64 CFLAGS='-O2 -pipe -fno-ident -I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' CXXFLAGS='-O2 -pipe -fno-ident -I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' CPPFLAGS=' -I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' LDFLAGS='-pipe -fno-ident -L/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/lib -L/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/lib -L/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/lib '
Thread model: win32
gcc version 8.1.0 (x86_64-win32-sjlj-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project)
COMPILER_PATH=C:/mingw64/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/;C:/mingw64/bin/../libexec/gcc/;C:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=C:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/;C:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/;C:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib/;C:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../lib/;C:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/;C:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-march=x86-64' '-mtune=intel' '-v' '-o' '.\MyAsmProgram.exe'
 C:/mingw64/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/collect2.exe -plugin C:/mingw64/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/liblto_plugin-0.dll -plugin-opt=C:/mingw64/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/lto-wrapper.exe -plugin-opt=-fresolution=C:\Users\Denis\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTiQ7aF.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingw32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_eh -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmoldname -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingwex -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmsvcrt -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-ladvapi32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lshell32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-luser32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lkernel32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-liconv -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingw32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_eh -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmoldname -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingwex -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmsvcrt --sysroot=C:/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64 -m i386pep -Bdynamic -o .\MyAsmProgram.exe C:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib/crt2.o C:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/crtbegin.o -LC:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0 -LC:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc -LC:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib -LC:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../lib -LC:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib -LC:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../.. .\MyAsmProgram.obj -lmingw32 -lgcc -lgcc_eh -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt -ladvapi32 -lshell32 -luser32 -lkernel32 -liconv -lmingw32 -lgcc -lgcc_eh -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt C:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/crtend.o
.\MyAsmProgram.obj:.\MyAsmProgram.asm:(.text+0x6): undefined reference to `_printf'
.\MyAsmProgram.obj:.\MyAsmProgram.asm:(.text+0xf): undefined reference to `_ExitProcess@4'
C:/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib/libmingw32.a(lib64_libmingw32_a-crt0_c.o):crt0_c.c:(.text.startup+0x2e): undefined reference to `WinMain'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

gcc version 9.2.0 (MinGW.org GCC Build-20200227-1)的详细输出：

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=C:\mingw\bin\gcc.exe
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/lto-wrapper.exe
Target: mingw32
Configured with: ../src/gcc-9.2.0/configure --build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu --host=mingw32 --target=mingw32 --disable-win32-registry --with-arch=i586 --with-tune=generic --enable-static --enable-shared --enable-threads --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,fortran,ada --with-dwarf2 --disable-sjlj-exceptions --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --enable-libgomp --disable-libvtv --with-libiconv-prefix=/mingw --with-libintl-prefix=/mingw --enable-libstdcxx-debug --disable-build-format-warnings --prefix=/mingw --with-gmp=/mingw --with-mpfr=/mingw --with-mpc=/mingw --with-isl=/mingw --enable-nls --with-pkgversion='MinGW.org GCC Build-20200227-1'
Thread model: win32
gcc version 9.2.0 (MinGW.org GCC Build-20200227-1)
COMPILER_PATH=c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/;c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/;c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/;c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/;c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/lib/;c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-march=x86-64' '-mtune=intel' '-v' '-o' '.\MyAsmProgram.exe'
 c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/collect2.exe -plugin c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/liblto_plugin-0.dll -plugin-opt=c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/lto-wrapper.exe -plugin-opt=-fresolution=C:\Users\Denis\AppData\Local\Temp\ccOKSdEK.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingw32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingwex -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_eh -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmoldname -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmsvcrt -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-ladvapi32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lshell32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-luser32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lkernel32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingw32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingwex -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_eh -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmoldname -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmsvcrt -Bdynamic -o .\MyAsmProgram.exe c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../crt2.o c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/crtbegin.o -Lc:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0 -Lc:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc -Lc:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/lib -Lc:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../.. .\MyAsmProgram.obj -lmingw32 -lmingwex -lgcc -lgcc_eh -lmoldname -lmsvcrt -ladvapi32 -lshell32 -luser32 -lkernel32 -lmingw32 -lmingwex -lgcc -lgcc_eh -lmoldname -lmsvcrt c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/crtend.o
.\MyAsmProgram.obj: file not recognized: file format not recognized
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

MyAsmProgram.asm

global _main

extern _printf
extern _ExitProcess@4

section .data
    message:
        db   "hello, world", 10, 0

section .text
    _main:
        push    message
        call    _printf
        add     rsp, 8
        call    _ExitProcess@4