你放大了两次布局。
删除此内容。您已经在 FragmentHomeBinding.inflate... 调用中使用视图绑定扩大了布局

val view: View = inflater!!.inflate(R.layout.fragment_home,container,false)

并且替换了

view.exercise.setText("This is an exceptionally hardcoded string")

with（使用绑定

binding.exercise.setText("This is an exceptionally hardcoded string")

那么onCreateView上的最后一行应该是

return binding.root

注意：您应该具有下列类别属性：

private var _binding: FragmentHomeBinding? = null
private val binding get() = _binding!!

因此，它看起来将像这样：

//move your view model as a class property so it will be accessible by other class methods
                 private val homeViewModel =
                          ViewModelProvider(this).get(HomeViewModel::class.java)

 
                 private var _binding: FragmentHomeBinding? = null
                 private val binding get() = _binding!!//transform to immutable
            
                 override fun onCreateView(
                        inflater: LayoutInflater,
                        container: ViewGroup?,
                        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
                    ): View? {

                        
                
                        _binding = FragmentHomeBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false)
                      
                       //use the immutable view binding property
                        binding.exercise.setText("This is an exceptionally hardcoded string")
            
                        return binding.root
                   }

有关详细信息，请阅读view binding

请尝试此解决方案。

class HomeFragment : Fragment() {

    private var _binding: FragmentHomeBinding? = null
    private val binding get() = _binding!!

    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View {
  val homeViewModel =
            ViewModelProvider(this).get(HomeViewModel::class.java)

        _binding = FragmentHomeBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false)
        return binding.root

    }

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
        binding.exercise.text="This is an exceptionally hardcoded string"

        binding.btnNewExercise.setOnClickListener {
            Toast.makeText(view.context, "New exercise will be generated", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
            println("Generated a new exercise")

        }
    }

    override fun onDestroyView() {
        super.onDestroyView()
        _binding = null
    }
}

您需要返回在OnCreateView中创建的视图。