实际上，我正在尝试实现一个自定义数据类型，它是string类的子集（例如，这样我就可以对错误输入进行一些类型检查）。但我一辈子都找不到任何地方来解释每个类型关键字的含义。根据以下内容：Haskell Docs这是7个基本的：Eq，Ord，Enum，Ix，Bounded，Read，和Show。除了打印语句需要的Show和布尔风格比较检查需要的Eq，我不完全确定其他5个，谷歌也没有提供太多帮助。所以我希望你们能给我一些启发，也许能给我指出正确的方向。
于是疑问道：
1.这7个基本派生词是什么/添加它们有什么作用？
1.有没有办法在ghci中运行类似derives String或derives "abc"的东西？
下面是我正在编写的代码。实际上我刚刚创建了Card数据类型，正如你所看到的，它只是一个字符串，用于执行一些更严格的参数检查。我正在尝试将它传递给match，以匹配之前接受的3个字符串作为参数但是为了使用字符串操作语法（比如将其分解为一个字符列表），我认为我需要确定适当的derive关键字，以便它以这种方式工作。

match :: Card -> Card -> Card -> Bool
match [] [] [] = True
match [a] [b] [c] = (a == b && b == c)
  || (a /= b && b /= c && a /= c)
match (a:as) (b:bs) (c:cs) = match [a] [b] [c]
  && match as bs cs

data Card = Card String
            deriving (Show,Eq)
card :: String -> Card
card x | length x /= 4 = error "Card input must be 4 characters."
  | (x!!0 /= 'o') && (x!!0 /= 's') && (x!!0 /= 'd') = error "char 0 (shape) must be o s or d."
  | (x!!1 /= '1') && (x!!1 /= '2') && (x!!1 /= '3') = error "char 1 (number) must be 1 2 or 3."
  | (x!!2 /= 'r') && (x!!2 /= 'p') && (x!!2 /= 'g') = error "char 2 (color) must be r p or g."
  | (x!!3 /= 'f') && (x!!3 /= 's') && (x!!3 /= 'o') = error "char 3 (shade) must be f s or o."
  | otherwise = Card x

（更新示例1）

data Card = Card Shape Number Color Shade deriving (Show, Eq)

data Shape = Oval | Squiggle | Diamond deriving Eq
instance Show Shape where
    show Oval     = "Oval"
    show Squiggle = "Squiggle"
    show Diamond  = "Diamond"

data Number = One | Two | Three deriving Eq
instance Show Number where
    show One   = "One"
    show Two   = "Two"
    show Three = "Three"

data Color = Red | Pink | Green deriving Eq
instance Show Color where
    show Red   = "Red"
    show Pink  = "Pink"
    show Green = "Green"

data Shade = Full | Half | Empty deriving Eq
instance Show Shade where
    show Full  = "Full"
    show Half  = "Half"
    show Empty = "Empty"

shape :: Char -> Either ShapeError Shape
shape 'o' = Right Oval
shape 's' = Right Squiggle
shape 'd' = Right Diamond
shape x   = Left (NotOSD x)

number :: Char -> Either NumberError Number
number '1' = Right One
number '2' = Right Two
number '3' = Right Three
number x   = Left (Not123 x)

color :: Char -> Either ColorError Color
color 'r' = Right Red
color 'p' = Right Pink
color 'g' = Right Green
color x   = Left (NotRPG x)

shade :: Char -> Either ShadeError Shade
shade 'f' = Right Full
shade 's' = Right Half
shade 'o' = Right Empty
shade x   = Left (NotFSO x)

card :: String -> Either SetError Card
card [shp, n, c, shd] = Card <$> shape shp <*> number n <*> color c <*> shade shd
card x = Left (NotCard x)

data CardError = NotCard String
instance Show CardError where
    show (NotCard x) = "Card must be 4 characters long, not " ++ show x

data SetError = CardError | ShapeError | NumberError | ColorError | ShadeError deriving Eq

data ShapeError = NotOSD Char
instance Show ShapeError where
    show (NotOSD x) = "Shape must be o, s, or d, not " ++ show x

data NumberError = Not123 Char
instance Show NumberError where
    show (Not123 x) = "Number must be 1, 2, or 3, not " ++ show x

data ColorError = NotRPG Char
instance Show ColorError where
    show (NotRPG x) = "Color must be r, p, or g, not " ++ show x

data ShadeError = NotFSO Char
instance Show ShadeError where
    show (NotFSO x) = "Shade must be f, s, or o, not " ++ show x

当前错误

match.hs:84:34:
    Couldn't match type ‘ShapeError’ with ‘SetError’
    Expected type: Either SetError Shape
      Actual type: Either ShapeError Shape
    In the second argument of ‘(<$>)’, namely ‘shape shp’
    In the first argument of ‘(<*>)’, namely ‘Card <$> shape shp’

match.hs:84:48:
    Couldn't match type ‘NumberError’ with ‘SetError’
    Expected type: Either SetError Number
      Actual type: Either NumberError Number
    In the second argument of ‘(<*>)’, namely ‘number n’
    In the first argument of ‘(<*>)’, namely
      ‘Card <$> shape shp <*> number n’

match.hs:84:61:
    Couldn't match type ‘ColorError’ with ‘SetError’
    Expected type: Either SetError Color
      Actual type: Either ColorError Color
    In the second argument of ‘(<*>)’, namely ‘color c’
    In the first argument of ‘(<*>)’, namely
      ‘Card <$> shape shp <*> number n <*> color c’

match.hs:84:73:
    Couldn't match type ‘ShadeError’ with ‘SetError’
    Expected type: Either SetError Shade
      Actual type: Either ShadeError Shade
    In the second argument of ‘(<*>)’, namely ‘shade shd’
    In the expression:
      Card <$> shape shp <*> number n <*> color c <*> shade shd

match.hs:85:16:
    Couldn't match expected type ‘SetError’
                with actual type ‘CardError’
    In the first argument of ‘Left’, namely ‘(NotCard x)’
    In the expression: Left (NotCard x)
Failed, modules loaded: none.