我已经解决了这个问题。不确定这是不是最好的方法，但它可以在我的设备上运行android 11和cordova 9.0。我已经在NoodleOfDeath的解决方案中修改了onShowFileChooser方法体内的try-catch块。

try {
        String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date());
        String imageFileName = "img_"+timeStamp+"_";
        File storageDir = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
        File tempFile = File.createTempFile(imageFileName,".jpg", storageDir);
        Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Temporary photo capture file: " + tempFile);
        tempUri = Uri.fromFile(tempFile);                              
        Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Temporary photo capture URI: " + tempUri);
        captureIntent.putExtra(android.provider.MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, tempUri);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Unable to create temporary file for photo capture", e);
        captureIntent = null;
    }