Tkinter、matplotlib和ttkwidget并没有你想要的内置时间线小部件。但是，tkinter有所有的基本构件来做这件事。这只是把所有的小部件放在一个类中的问题。
这是我拼凑出来的一些东西。它并不完全适合生产，但它展示了如何很容易地将多个小部件组合成一个新的自定义小部件。

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
from datetime import datetime

class Timeline(tk.Frame):
    """
    Timeline widget

    options:
      command     command to be called when user clicks on a month
      header_text text for the header. Defaults to "Date"
      start_date  datetime representing the start of the timeline
      end_date    datetime representing the end of the timeline
      kwargs      additional arguments passed to the superclass
                  (useful for setting colors, borderwidth)

    subcommands;
      highlight   takes one or more arguments that are a tuple of
                  (month,year). kwargs can be bg to set the background,
                  and fg to set the foreground
    """

    def __init__(self, parent, **kwargs):
        header_text = kwargs.pop("header", "Date")
        start_date = kwargs.pop("start_date", datetime.now() + relativedelta(years=-1))
        end_date = kwargs.pop("end_date", datetime.now() + relativedelta(years=1))
        self.command = kwargs.pop("command", None)

        super().__init__(parent, **kwargs)

        subheader_str = f"{start_date.strftime('%b %Y')} - {end_date.strftime('%b %Y')}"

        bg = self.cget("background")
        self.header = tk.Label(self, text=header_text, background=bg, anchor="w")
        self.sep = ttk.Separator(self, orient="horizontal")
        self.subheader = tk.Label(self, text=subheader_str, background=bg, anchor="w")
        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, background=bg)
        self.scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(
            self, orient="horizontal", command=self.canvas.xview
        )
        self.canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=self.scrollbar.set)

        self.header.pack(side="top", fill="x")
        self.sep.pack(side="top", fill="x")
        self.subheader.pack(side="top", fill="x")
        self.canvas.pack(side="top", fill="x")
        self.scrollbar.pack(side="top", fill="x")

        self.inner_frame = tk.Frame(self.canvas, background=bg)
        self.canvas.create_window(0, 0, anchor="nw", window=self.inner_frame)

        self.buttons = {}
        current = start_date
        displayed_year = ""
        column = 0
        while current <= end_date:
            if displayed_year != current.year:
                year_label = tk.Label(
                    self.inner_frame, text=current.year, background=bg, anchor="w"
                )
                year_label.grid(row=0, column=column, sticky="ew")
                displayed_year = current.year

            index = (current.month, current.year)
            month = current.strftime("%b")
            label = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text=month, anchor="w", background=bg)
            button = tk.Label(
                self.inner_frame,
                text="    ",
                width=6,
                bd=0,
                relief="flat",
                bg="lightgray",
            )
            label.grid(row=1, column=column, padx=2, sticky="ew")
            button.grid(row=2, column=column, padx=2, sticky="ew")
            button.bind(
                "<1>",
                lambda event, index=index: self._callback(event, index[0], index[1]),
            )

            self.buttons[(current.month, current.year)] = button
            column += 1
            current = current + relativedelta(months=1)

        self.canvas.bind("<Configure>", self._resize)

    def highlight(self, *args, bg="red", fg="black"):
        for index in args:
            self.buttons[index].configure(bg=bg, fg=fg)

    def _callback(self, event, month, year):
        if self.command:
            self.command(month=month, year=year)

    def _resize(self, event):
        self.canvas.configure(height=self.inner_frame.winfo_height())
        bbox = self.canvas.bbox("all")
        self.canvas.configure(scrollregion=bbox)

def callback(month, year):
    print(f"you clicked on month={month} year={year}")

root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("500x200")
t = Timeline(root, bd=2, relief="groove", background="white", command=callback)
t.highlight((12, 2021), (1, 2022), (2, 2022))
t.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=4, pady=4)

root.mainloop()