您可以使用AssetDatabase（仅限编辑器）获取此信息。
AssetDatabase.TryGetGUIDAndLocalFileIdentifier

if (AssetDatabase.TryGetGUIDAndLocalFileIdentifier(obj, out var guid, out long file))
{
    Debug.Log(
        $"Asset: {obj.name}\r\n" +
        $"Instance ID: {obj.GetInstanceID()}\r\n" +
        $"GUID: {guid}\r\n" +
        $"File ID: {file}"
    );
}

添加到this answer，我认为为了获得相应的网格资产，您可以通过SerializedObject，例如

var meshFilter = GetComponent<MeshFilter>();
var so = new SerializedObject(meshFilter);
so.Update();
var meshProperty = so.FindProperty("m_Mesh");
var obj = meshProperty.objectReferenceValue;

现在，您可以从此处将此消息转发到给定的

if (AssetDatabase.TryGetGUIDAndLocalFileIdentifier(obj, out var guid, out long file))
{
    Debug.Log(
        $"Asset: {obj.name}\r\n" +
        $"Instance ID: {obj.GetInstanceID()}\r\n" +
        $"GUID: {guid}\r\n" +
        $"File ID: {file}"
    );
}