如何在Maven pom.xml for Tomcat中正确配置Jakarta EE库?

xzv2uavs  于 2022-11-22  发布在  Maven
关注(0)|答案(1)|浏览(569)

我一直在徒劳地尝试实现tomcat 9的jakarta servlet,而不是以前的javax.servlet实现(因为我的理解是jakarta包是前进的方向)。问题是当我将浏览器指向servlet的url时,我得到了以下错误...

java.lang.ClassCastException: class cti.nm.web.Index cannot be cast to class javax.servlet.Servlet (cti.nm.web.Index is in unnamed module of loader org.apache.catalina.loader.ParallelWebappClassLoader @48c76607; javax.servlet.Servlet is in unnamed module of loader java.net.URLClassLoader @621be5d1)
    org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:542)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:690)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:343)
    org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpProcessor.service(AjpProcessor.java:432)
    org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
    org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:888)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1597)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
    java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1130)
    java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:630)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:832)

问题很明显。Tomcat试图将我的jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet转换为javax.servlet.Servlet,这显然是行不通的。我不知道的是如何告诉它servlet实际上实现的是什么类。
类本身声明为...

package cti.nm.web;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Index extends HttpServlet {
     
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
                      HttpServletResponse response)
      throws IOException, ServletException {

        response.setContentType("text/html");
       //print a bunch of stuff
    }
}

我的web.xml文件如下...

<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee
                             https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
         version="5.0">
         
    <display-name>NMWeb</display-name>
    <description>
       NMWeb Description
    </description>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>Index</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>cti.nm.web.Index</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Index</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/NMWeb</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

我曾希望在部署描述符中使用正确的jakartaee xml模式会导致使用正确的类,但显然不是。WAR似乎包含正确的jar...
jakarta.jakartaee-api-9.0.0.jar
tomcat-el-api-10.0.0.jar
jakarta.服务程序-api-5.0.0. jar
tomcat-jsp-api-10.0.0.jar
pom指定为...

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>cti.nm.NMWeb</groupId>
  <artifactId>NMWeb</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <build>
    <sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.8</source>
          <target>1.8</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.3</version>
        <configuration>
          <warSourceDirectory>WebContent</warSourceDirectory>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jakarta.platform</groupId>
      <artifactId>jakarta.jakartaee-api</artifactId>
      <version>[9.0.0,)</version>
      
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/jakarta.servlet/jakarta.servlet-api -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>[5.0.0,)</version>
      
    </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-jsp-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>[10.0.0,)</version>
       
        </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

我已经在网上搜索了好几天这个问题的答案,但似乎找不到任何其他的示例。我应该提到的是,这是一个eclipse生成的probject,我已经手动修改过了。当我部署war文件时,使用maven和eclipse生成的结果是一样的。

8fsztsew

8fsztsew1#

您基本上是在WAR中物理地包含Tomcat 10.x特定的库,然后将WAR部署到Tomcat 9.x。这根本不是正确的方法。此外,Tomcat 10.x是第一个被Jakartified化的版本,而不是Tomcat 9.x。
Tomcat 9.x版本
对于基于Servlet 4.0、JSP 2.3、EL 3.0、WS 1.1和JASIC 1.0的Tomcat 9.x,您应该使用javax.*导入,并且整个<dependencies>部分 * 至少 * 应该如下所示:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>4.0.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.websocket</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.websocket-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.security.enterprise</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.security.enterprise-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Tomcat 10.0.x版本
对于基于Servlet 5.0、JSP 3.0、EL 4.0、WS 2.0和JASIC 2.0的Tomcat 10.0.x,您应该使用jakarta.*导入,并且整个<dependencies>部分 * 至少 * 应该如下所示:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jakarta.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jakarta.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jakarta.el</groupId>
        <artifactId>jakarta.el-api</artifactId>
        <version>4.0.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jakarta.websocket</groupId>
        <artifactId>jakarta.websocket-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jakarta.security.enterprise</groupId>
        <artifactId>jakarta.security.enterprise-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Tomcat 10.1.x版本
对于基于Servlet 6.0、JSP 3.1、EL 5.0、WS 2.1和JASIC 3.0的Tomcat 10.1.x,您应该使用jakarta.*导入,并且整个<dependencies>部分 * 至少 * 应该如下所示:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>6.0.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jakarta.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jakarta.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jakarta.el</groupId>
        <artifactId>jakarta.el-api</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jakarta.websocket</groupId>
        <artifactId>jakarta.websocket-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jakarta.security.enterprise</groupId>
        <artifactId>jakarta.security.enterprise-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

无论如何
请注意,<scope>被显式地设置为provided,这意味着Maven将物理JAR文件包含在生成的WAR文件的/WEB-INF/lib中(因为它已经由Tomcat本身提供了!)。否则,您只会在运行时类路径中的重复类引起的运行时冲突中结束。
另外请注意Tomcat不是JEE服务器,因此根据定义导入javax:javaee-api for Tomcat 9.x或jakarta.platform:jakarta.jakartaee-api for Tomcat 10.x是错误的。因为它允许您针对其他JEE组件(如JSF、JSTL、CDI、BV、EJB、JPA、JAX-RS、JSONB)编译代码。等等,而Tomcat实际上并没有提供现成的. Tomcat only offers Servlet, JSP, EL, WS and JASIC out the box,所以您应该只在pom.xml中声明它们。
例如,JSTL需要按照How to install JSTL?The absolute uri:http://java.sun.com/jstl/core无法解析,JSF需要按照如何通过Maven?正确安装和配置JSF库中的说明单独安装,CDI需要按照如何在Tomcat上安装和使用CDI?中的说明单独安装
然而,如果您在开发Tomcat代码时非常清楚这个限制(即,确保您不会意外地使用JSTL、CDI、BV、JPA等,而没有首先在Tomcat中实际安装它们),并且只想最小化pom.xml样板文件,那么您也可以使用Tomcat 9.x的这种最小依赖关系配置:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax</groupId>
        <artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId>
        <version>8.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

对于Tomcat 10.0.x,请执行以下操作:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jakarta.platform</groupId>
        <artifactId>jakarta.jakartaee-web-api</artifactId>
        <version>9.0.0</version> <!-- Use 9.1.0 if you're already on Java 11 -->
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

对于Tomcat 10.1.x,请执行以下操作:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jakarta.platform</groupId>
        <artifactId>jakarta.jakartaee-web-api</artifactId>
        <version>10.0.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

另请参阅:

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