scrapy 试图伪造和轮换用户代理

uxhixvfz  于 2022-11-23  发布在  其他
关注(0)|答案(3)|浏览(109)

我试图伪造用户代理，并在Python中旋转它们。
我在网上找到了一个关于如何使用scrapy-useragents包在Scrapy中实现这一点的教程。
我抓取了网页https://www.whatsmyua.info/，以便检查我的用户代理是否与我的不同，是否旋转。它是否与我的实际用户代理不同，但它不旋转，每次返回相同的用户代理，我不知道出了什么问题。
settings.py

BOT_NAME = 'scrapy_javascript'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['scrapy_javascript.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'scrapy_javascript.spiders'

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'scrapy_javascript (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
        'scrapy_splash.SplashCookiesMiddleware': 723,
        'scrapy_splash.SplashMiddleware': 725,
        'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 810,
}

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# USER AGENT
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': None,
    'scrapy_useragents.downloadermiddlewares.useragents.UserAgentsMiddleware': 500,
}

USER_AGENTS = [
    ('Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) '
     'AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) '
     'Chrome/57.0.2987.110 '
     'Safari/537.36'),  # chrome
    ('Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) '
     'AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) '
     'Chrome/61.0.3163.79 '
     'Safari/537.36'),  # chrome
    ('Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:55.0) '
     'Gecko/20100101 '
     'Firefox/55.0'),  # firefox
    ('Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) '
     'AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) '
     'Chrome/61.0.3163.91 '
     'Safari/537.36'),  # chrome
    ('Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) '
     'AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) '
     'Chrome/62.0.3202.89 '
     'Safari/537.36'),  # chrome
    ('Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) '
     'AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) '
     'Chrome/63.0.3239.108 '
     'Safari/537.36'),  # chrome
]

SPLASH_URL = 'http://199.89.192.74:8050'

DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareDupeFilter'
HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareFSCacheStorage'
scrapy

3条答案

按热度按时间
wfypjpf4

wfypjpf41#

在这里，您可以找到一个以JSON形式返回最常见用户代理的API：
http://51.158.74.109/useragents/?format=json
我用过这个工具，它会让你的用户代理列表总是更新最新和最常用的用户代理：https://pypi.org/project/shadow-useragent/

from shadow_useragent import ShadowUserAgent
     shadow_useragent = ShadowUserAgent()

     print(shadow_useragent.firefox)
     # Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:67.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/67.0
     print(shadow_useragent.chrome)
     # Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36
     print(shadow_useragent.safari)
     # Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/12.1.1 Safari/605.1.15
     print(shadow_useragent.edge)
     # Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.140 Safari/537.36 Edge/17.17134
     print(shadow_useragent.ie)
     # Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko
     print(shadow_useragent.android)
     # Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.3; en-us; SM-N900T Build/JSS15J) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30
     print(shadow_useragent.ipad)
     # Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 12_3_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/12.1.1 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1
     print(shadow_useragent.random)
     # Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/68.0

     print(shadow_useragent.random_nomobile)
     # Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.90 Safari/537.36

     # and the best one, random via real world browser usage statistic
     print(ua.random)
     # Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.90 Safari/537.36

     # if you want to excluse mobiles (some websites will display different pages)
     print(shadow_useragent.random_nomobile)
     # Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.90 Safari/537.36
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hujrc8aj

hujrc8aj2#

我通过创建csv文件来解决这个问题，其中包含我所有的url，它们与IP和用户代理配对，所以每次我访问网页时，我都会使用这些IP和用户代理。然后我必须覆盖我的spalsh_url在我的蜘蛛中，这样我的splash_url就等于我当时使用的代理。
SplashSpider.py

import csv
from scrapy.spiders import Spider
from scrapy_splash import SplashRequest
from ..items import GameItem

# process the csv file so the url + ip address + useragent pairs are the same as defined in the file
# returns a list of dictionaries, example:
# [ {'url': 'http://www.starcitygames.com/catalog/category/Rivals%20of%20Ixalan',
#    'ip': 'http://204.152.114.244:8050',
#    'ua': "Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9320; en-GB) AppleWebKit/534.11"},
#    ...
# ]
def process_csv(csv_file):
    data = []
    reader = csv.reader(csv_file)
    next(reader)
    for fields in reader:
        if fields[0] != "":
            url = fields[0]
        else:
            continue # skip the whole row if the url column is empty
        if fields[1] != "":
            ip = "http://" + fields[1] + ":8050" # adding http and port because this is the needed scheme
        if fields[2] != "":
            useragent = fields[2]
        data.append({"url": url, "ip": ip, "ua": useragent})
    return data

class MySpider(Spider):
    name = 'splash_spider'  # Name of Spider

    # notice that we don't need to define start_urls
    # just make sure to get all the urls you want to scrape inside start_requests function

    # getting all the url + ip address + useragent pairs then request them
    def start_requests(self):

        # get the file path of the csv file that contains the pairs from the settings.py
        with open(self.settings["PROXY_CSV_FILE"], mode="r") as csv_file:
           # requests is a list of dictionaries like this -> {url: str, ua: str, ip: str}
            requests = process_csv(csv_file)

        for req in requests:
            # no need to create custom middlewares
            # just pass useragent using the headers param, and pass proxy using the meta param

            yield SplashRequest(url=req["url"], callback=self.parse, args={"wait": 3},
                    headers={"User-Agent": req["ua"]},
                    splash_url = req["ip"],
                    )

settings.py

BOT_NAME = 'scrapy_javascript'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['scrapy_javascript.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'scrapy_javascript.spiders'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# The path of the csv file that contains the pairs
PROXY_CSV_FILE = "proxies.csv"

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
        'scrapy_splash.SplashCookiesMiddleware': 723,
        'scrapy_splash.SplashMiddleware': 725,
        'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 810,
}

#SPLASH_URL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8050'

#SPLASH_URL = 'http://localhost:8050'
DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareDupeFilter'
HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareFSCacheStorage'


# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 16

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 60
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ibrsph3r

ibrsph3r3#

看看https://www.useragents.me/，它是一个JSON格式的最新用户代理的自动更新列表（自动更新，所以即使网站被忽略，数据也不会过时）。
方便的是，他们甚至直接在网站上提供了一个Python编码的用户代理旋转器函数（截至2022年11月4日的用户代理）：

import random

def random_ua(k=1):
    # returns a random useragent from the latest user agents strings list, weighted
    # according to observed prevalance
    ua_pct = {"ua": {"0": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "1": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:105.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/105.0", "2": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "3": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:106.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/106.0", "4": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/105.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "5": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:105.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/105.0", "6": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/105.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "7": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "8": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "9": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/16.0 Safari/605.1.15", "10": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:106.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/106.0", "11": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; rv:105.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/105.0", "12": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:105.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/105.0", "13": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:105.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/105.0", "14": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"}, "pct": {"0": 28.8, "1": 13.28, "2": 10.98, "3": 8.55, "4": 6.25, "5": 5.56, "6": 4.53, "7": 4.27, "8": 3.57, "9": 2.93, "10": 2.99, "11": 2.55, "12": 2.44, "13": 1.7, "14": 1.59}}
    return random.choices(list(ua_pct['ua'].values()), list(ua_pct['pct'].values()), k=k)

# usage
random_ua() # optional k = number of useragents to return
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