下面的脚本将在外部for循环中查找所有名称以.txt结尾的文件（变量txtFile），因此A.txt和B.txt将是通过外部循环的独立循环。
内部for循环使用您提供的代码来获取_之后.tgz之前的字符。变量为seek。
变量txtFile的扩展名为.txt的basename用作目标目录。变量DEST，因此A.txt变为A。
最后，从其中一个文本文件中找到的任何与文件名匹配的文件都被移动到目标目录中。换句话说，mv（移动）*_${seek}.tgz（任何以_seek.tgz结尾的文件）到$DEST。

for txtFile in *.txt ; do
   DEST=$(basename $txtFile .txt);
   echo "processing $txtFile by moving matches to $DEST";
   for seek in $(cat $txtFile) ; do
     echo "Moving files matching *_${seek}.tgz to $DEST";
     mv *_${seek}.tgz $DEST;
   done;
done

以下是您在上面指定的文件的输出：

processing A.txt by moving matches to A
Moving files matching *_AB1.tgz to A
mv: rename *_AB1.tgz to A/*_AB1.tgz: No such file or directory
Moving files matching *_AB.tgz to A
Moving files matching *_XY.tgz to A
Moving files matching *_SE.tgz to A
mv: rename *_SE.tgz to A/*_SE.tgz: No such file or directory
Moving files matching *_12S.tgz to A
mv: rename *_12S.tgz to A/*_12S.tgz: No such file or directory
Moving files matching *_G78.tgz to A
mv: rename *_G78.tgz to A/*_G78.tgz: No such file or directory
processing B.txt by moving matches to B
Moving files matching *_OR1.tgz to B
mv: rename *_OR1.tgz to B/*_OR1.tgz: No such file or directory
Moving files matching *_IU345.tgz to B
mv: rename *_IU345.tgz to B/*_IU345.tgz: No such file or directory
Moving files matching *_PIE678.tgz to B
mv: rename *_PIE678.tgz to B/*_PIE678.tgz: No such file or directory
Moving files matching *_GF.tgz to B
Moving files matching *_BF.tgz to B
mv: rename *_BF.tgz to B/*_BF.tgz: No such file or directory
Moving files matching *_MIL.tgz to B
mv: rename *_MIL.tgz to B/*_MIL.tgz: No such file or directory

而结果是这样的：

├── A
│   ├── Harry_AB.tgz
│   └── Peter_XY.tgz
├── A.txt
├── B
│   └── Tom_GF.tgz
├── B.txt