如果你能以表格的形式提供一些样本数据，而不仅仅是你在表格上得到的数据，那就足够了。

WITH MYTAB (PHASE_ID, QTY) AS
(
-- Your initial data as the result of
-- your base SELECT statement
VALUES
  (1, 40)
, (2, 10)
, (3, 25)
, (4, 25)
)
SELECT 
  QTY + QTY_TOT - QTY_RTOT  AS "total qty"
, QTY                       AS "invoice qty"
, QTY_TOT - QTY_RTOT        AS "balance qty"
FROM 
(
  SELECT 
    PHASE_ID
  , QTY
  -- Running total sum
  , SUM (QTY) OVER (ORDER BY PHASE_ID)  AS QTY_RTOT
  -- Total sum
  , SUM (QTY) OVER ()                   AS QTY_TOT
  FROM MYTAB
)
ORDER BY PHASE_ID

| 总数量|发票数量|余额数量|
| - -|- -|- -|
| 100个|四十|六十|
| 六十|10个|五十个|
| 五十个|二十五个|二十五个|
| 二十五个|二十五个|第0页|

Marks的一个变体答案是：

WITH MYTAB (PHASE_ID, QTY) AS
(
    -- Your initial data as the result of
    -- your base SELECT statement
    VALUES (1, 40)
         , (2, 10)
         , (3, 25)
         , (4, 25)
)
SELECT QTY_TOT  AS "total qty"
     , QTY      AS "invoice qty"
     , coalesce(lead(QTY_TOT) over (order by phase_id),0) AS "balance qty"
FROM 
( SELECT PHASE_ID
       , QTY
       -- Running total sum
       , SUM (QTY) OVER (ORDER BY PHASE_ID desc)  AS qty_tot
  FROM MYTAB
)
ORDER BY PHASE_ID

它在外部级别使用提前量，而不是在内部级别对整个窗口求和
Fiddle