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What is an undefined reference/unresolved external symbol error and how do I fix it?（38个答案）
昨天关门了。
我只想在我的Ubuntu 22.04系统中使用系统打包的g++11.3.0版编译这个简单的GDAL library示例：

#include <iostream>

#include "gdal_priv.h"
#include "cpl_conv.h"
#include "gdal.h"

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    GDALDataset  *poDataset;
    GDALAllRegister();
    poDataset = (GDALDataset *) GDALOpen(argv[1], GA_ReadOnly);

    if (poDataset == NULL)
    {
        cout << "No dataset loaded for file " << argv[1] << ". Exiting." << endl;
        return 1;
    }

    cout << "Driver: " 
         << poDataset->GetDriver()->GetDescription()
         << "/"
         << poDataset->GetDriver()->GetMetadataItem(GDAL_DMD_LONGNAME)
         << endl;

    cout << "Size: "
         << poDataset->GetRasterXSize() << "x"
         << poDataset->GetRasterYSize() << "x"
         << poDataset->GetRasterCount()
         << endl;

    if (poDataset->GetProjectionRef() != NULL)
    {
        cout << "Projection: " << poDataset->GetProjectionRef() << endl;
    }
}

当然，我安装了GDAL库，如这里所示：

~$ dpkg -l | grep gdal

ii  gdal-bin                                   3.4.1+dfsg-1build4                                                        amd64        Geospatial Data Abstraction Library - Utility programs
ii  gdal-data                                  3.4.1+dfsg-1build4                                                        all          Geospatial Data Abstraction Library - Data files
ii  libgdal-dev                                3.4.1+dfsg-1build4                                                        amd64        Geospatial Data Abstraction Library - Development files
ii  libgdal30                                  3.4.1+dfsg-1build4                                                        amd64        Geospatial Data Abstraction Library
ii  python3-gdal                               3.4.1+dfsg-1build4                                                        amd64        Python 3 bindings to the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library

一切似乎都已经安排妥当，可以开始了，但是，当我触发这个g++命令来编译我的小程序时
g++ -I/usr/include/gdal -L/usr/lib -lgdal open_file.cpp -o open_file -g
它将失败，并显示以下输出：

/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccU6PwuP.o: in function `main':
/home/jose/Code/concepts/gdal/open_file.cpp:13: undefined reference to `GDALAllRegister'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/jose/Code/concepts/gdal/open_file.cpp:14: undefined reference to `GDALOpen'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/jose/Code/concepts/gdal/open_file.cpp:29: undefined reference to `GDALDataset::GetRasterXSize()'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/jose/Code/concepts/gdal/open_file.cpp:30: undefined reference to `GDALDataset::GetRasterYSize()'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/jose/Code/concepts/gdal/open_file.cpp:31: undefined reference to `GDALDataset::GetRasterCount()'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/jose/Code/concepts/gdal/open_file.cpp:34: undefined reference to `GDALDataset::GetProjectionRef() const'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/jose/Code/concepts/gdal/open_file.cpp:36: undefined reference to `GDALDataset::GetProjectionRef() const'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

这没有任何意义，因为我确实在-I/usr/include/gdal中传递GDAL库，并且“未定义”引用的定义确实存在于那里的多个.h文件中。
此外，**使用clang++**进行以下操作：
clang++ -I/usr/include/gdal -L/usr/lib -lgdal open_file.cpp -o open_file -g
有没有人有类似的问题，或者可以给出一些提示，问题可能在哪里？谢谢。