我会使用ApplicationContextRunner来表示，例如。

new ApplicationContextRunner()
    .withUserConfiguration(MyServerConfiguration.class)
    .withPropertyValues("foo=bar")
    .run(context -> {
        var error = assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> context.getBean(MyServerConfiguration.class));

        var validationError = (BindValidationException) ExceptionUtils.getRootCause(error);
        var fieldViolation = (FieldError) validationError.getValidationErrors().iterator().next();
        var fieldInError = fieldViolation.getObjectName() + "." + fieldViolation.getField();

        assertThat(fieldInError, is(expectedFieldInError));
        assertThat(fieldViolation.getDefaultMessage(), is(expectedMessage));
    });

尝试以编程方式加载Sping Boot 应用程序上下文：

简易版

public class AppFailIT {

    @Test
    public void testFail() {
        try {
            new AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext(MyApplication.class);
        }
        catch (Exception e){
            Assertions.assertThat(e).isInstanceOf(UnsatisfiedDependencyException.class);
            Assertions.assertThat(e.getMessage()).contains("nested exception is org.springframework.boot.context.properties.bind.BindException: Failed to bind properties");
            return;
        }
        fail();
    }
}

扩展版本能够从www.example.com加载环境application-test.properties，并将自己的key：values添加到方法级别的测试环境中：

@TestPropertySource("classpath:application-test.properties")
public class AppFailIT {

    @Rule
    public final SpringMethodRule springMethodRule = new SpringMethodRule();

    @Autowired
    private ConfigurableEnvironment configurableEnvironment;

    @Test
    public void testFail() {
        try {
            MockEnvironment mockEnvironment = new MockEnvironment();
            mockEnvironment.withProperty("a","b");
            configurableEnvironment.merge(mockEnvironment);
            AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext();
            applicationContext.setEnvironment(configurableEnvironment);
            applicationContext.register(MyApplication.class);
            applicationContext.refresh();
        }
        catch (Exception e){
            Assertions.assertThat(e.getMessage()).contains("nested exception is org.springframework.boot.context.properties.bind.BindException: Failed to bind properties");
            return;
        }
        fail();
    }
}