可以将join_handle与NetworkReceiver中的其他内容分开，如下所示：

use std::thread;
use std::sync::{
    atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
    Arc,
};

pub struct NetworkReceiver {
    terminate_flag: AtomicBool,
}
pub struct RunningNetworkReceiver {
    join_handle: thread::JoinHandle<()>,
    network_receiver: Arc<NetworkReceiver>,
}

impl NetworkReceiver {
    pub fn new() -> NetworkReceiver {
        let net_recv_intf = NetworkReceiver {
            terminate_flag: AtomicBool::new(false),
        };

        net_recv_intf
    }

    pub fn start(self) -> RunningNetworkReceiver {
        let network_receiver = Arc::new(self);
        let join_handle = {
            let network_receiver = network_receiver.clone();
            thread::spawn(move || network_receiver.run())
        };
        RunningNetworkReceiver {
            join_handle,
            network_receiver,
        }
    }
    pub fn run(&self) {
        while !self.terminate_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
        }
    }
}
impl RunningNetworkReceiver {
    pub fn terminate(&self) {
        self.network_receiver.terminate_flag.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
    }
}

如果你需要独占访问NetworkReceiver内部的任何东西，你必须把它（或需要它的部分） Package 在RwLock或Mutex或类似的东西里。

当在线程中使用变量时，该线程必须拥有所有权。这一行(thread::spawn(|| self.run());试图将self移动到线程中，但不能，因为self需要比函数更长。
我相信你必须将NetworkReceiver Package 在Arc Mutex中。你可以将NetworkReceiver::new()更改为返回Arc，所有相关函数将从fn foo(&mut self)更改为fn foo(self: Arc<Self>)

use std::thread;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};

pub struct NetworkReceiver {
    terminate_flag: AtomicBool,
    join_handle: Option<thread::JoinHandle<()>>
}

impl NetworkReceiver {
    pub fn new() -> NetworkReceiver {
        let net_recv_intf = NetworkReceiver {
            terminate_flag: AtomicBool::new(false),
            join_handle: None
        };

        net_recv_intf
    }

    pub fn start(&mut self) {
        let join_handle = thread::spawn(|| self.run());
        self.join_handle = Some(join_handle);
    }

    fn run(&self) {
        let mut buff: [u8; 2048] = [0; 2048];

        while !self.terminate_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
            // Do something here
        }
    }

    pub fn terminate(&mut self) {
        self.terminate_flag.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
    }
}

fn main() {
    let mut net_recv = NetworkReceiver::new();
    net_recv.start();
    net_recv.terminate();
}

我对您提供的代码做了一些更改：
我添加了一个main函数，它创建了一个NetworkReceiver的示例，并在该示例上调用start（）和terminate（）方法。我将run（）方法设置为私有方法，因为它只能由start（）方法调用。我将run（）方法设置为引用自身而不是可变引用，因为它不会修改NetworkReceiver示例。