它们被称为ANSI转义序列。基本上你输出一些特殊的字节来控制终端文本的外观。试试这个：

x = input('Name: \u001b[1m')  # anything from here on will be BOLD

print('\u001b[0m', end='')  # anything from here on will be normal
print('Your input is:', x)

\u001b[1m告诉终端切换到粗体文本。\u001b[0m告诉它重置。
This page很好地介绍了ANSI转义序列。

You can do the following with colorama:

from colorama import init,Style,Fore,Back
import os

os.system('cls')

def inputer(prompt) :
    init()
    print(Style.NORMAL+prompt + Style.BRIGHT+'',end="")
    x = input()
    return x

## -------------------------

inputer("Input your name: ")

and the output will be as follows:
Input your name: John
ref. : https://youtu.be/wYPh61tROiY