不确定它是否有资格作为优雅，但你所描述的是一个翻译的问题，字典是非常好的。
循环遍历每个数组中的每个字符串，如果翻译字典包含与该字符串相等的键，则进行替换。

var Array = new string[][] {
    new string[] {"Dog", "0", "A", "eat" },
    new string[] {"Cat", "1", "B", "eat" }
};
//Array: [["Dog","0","A","eat"],["Cat","1","B","eat"]]

var TranslationDict = new Dictionary<string, string>() {
    { "0", "big" },
    { "1", "small" },
    { "A", "house" },
    { "B", "forest" },
};

for (int y = 0; y < Array.Length; y++) {
    for (int x = 0; x < Array[y].Length; x++) {
        if(TranslationDict.ContainsKey(Array[y][x])) {
            Array[y][x] = TranslationDict[Array[y][x]];
        }
    }
}

//Array: [["Dog","big","house","eat"],["Cat","small","forest","eat"]]

这样和Linq一起做：

var testArray = array.
Select(x => x.
Select(y => y.Replace("0", "big").Replace("1","test")).ToArray())
.ToArray();