简而言之:我正在使用Electron实现一个单页网站,遇到了jQuery不能全局访问的常见问题。因此,我使用下面的快速入门示例简化了这个问题,以便解决它,但我无法理解它。
如您所见,我只是将以下代码添加到main.js
文件的末尾,以检查问题是否得到解决:
$(document).ready(function () {
console.log("hi");
});
下面是我的main.js
文件的完整代码:
// main.js
// Modules to control application life and create native browser window
const { app, BrowserWindow } = require("electron");
const path = require("path");
function createWindow() {
// Create the browser window.
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
width: 800,
height: 600,
webPreferences: {
preload: path.join(__dirname, "preload.js"),
nodeIntegration: true,
webSecurity: true,
},
});
// and load the index.html of the app.
mainWindow.loadFile("index.html");
// Open the DevTools.
// mainWindow.webContents.openDevTools()
}
// This method will be called when Electron has finished
// initialization and is ready to create browser windows.
// Some APIs can only be used after this event occurs.
app.whenReady().then(() => {
createWindow();
app.on("activate", function () {
// On macOS it's common to re-create a window in the app when the
// dock icon is clicked and there are no other windows open.
if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow();
});
});
// Quit when all windows are closed.
app.on("window-all-closed", function () {
// On macOS it is common for applications and their menu bar
// to stay active until the user quits explicitly with Cmd + Q
if (process.platform !== "darwin") app.quit();
});
// In this file you can include the rest of your app's specific main process
// code. You can also put them in separate files and require them here.
$(document).ready(function () {
console.log("hi");
});
我将以下HTML代码加载到我的BrowserWindow
中:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<!-- https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP -->
<!--This was added otherwise "window.jQuery = window.$ = require('jquery');" will not be executed-->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src *; style-src 'self' http://* 'unsafe-inline'; script-src 'self' http://* 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'" />
<title>Hello World!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello World!</h1>
We are using Node.js <span id="node-version"></span>,
Chromium <span id="chrome-version"></span>,
and Electron <span id="electron-version"></span>.
<script src="node_modules/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>window.jQuery = window.$ = require('jquery');</script>
<script src="./renderer.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
根据电子文档的建议,以下脚本作为preload
脚本附加到BrowserWindow
:
// Preload.js
// All of the Node.js APIs are available in the preload process.
// It has the same sandbox as a Chrome extension.
window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => {
const replaceText = (selector, text) => {
const element = document.getElementById(selector);
if (element) element.innerText = text;
};
for (const type of ["chrome", "node", "electron"]) {
replaceText(`${type}-version`, process.versions[type]);
}
});
最后但并非最不重要的是,这是快速入门项目的package.json
配置文件:
{
"name": "electron-quick-start",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "A minimal Electron application",
"main": "main.js",
"scripts": {
"start": "electron ."
},
"repository": "https://github.com/electron/electron-quick-start",
"keywords": [
"Electron",
"quick",
"start",
"tutorial",
"demo"
],
"author": "GitHub",
"license": "CC0-1.0",
"devDependencies": {
"electron": "^9.0.2"
},
"dependencies": {
"jquery": "^3.5.1"
}
}
但是,每次运行应用程序时,我都会收到以下错误提示:
这个错误也显示在我的应用程序的Powershell输出中(我只编辑了完整的目录路径):
App threw an error during load
ReferenceError: $ is not defined
at Object.<anonymous> (...directory\0masterproject\main.js:48:1)
at Module._compile (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:967:30)
at Object.Module._extensions..js (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1004:10)
at Module.load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:815:32)
at Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:727:14)
at Function.Module._load (electron/js2c/asar.js:738:28)
at loadApplicationPackage (...directory\0masterproject\node_modules\electron\dist\resources\default_app.asar\main.js:109:16) at Object.<anonymous> (...directory\0masterproject\node_modules\electron\dist\resources\default_app.asar\main.js:155:9)
at Module._compile (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:967:30)
at Object.Module._extensions..js (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1004:10)
PS ...directory\0masterproject> npm start
然而,当我关闭这个窗口并检查BrowserWindow
的控制台时,我没有看到任何错误,也没有“hi”输出。
在遇到这个问题之前,我遇到了require ()
没有定义的问题,我通过添加
<script src="node_modules/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
在我jQuery代码之前:
<script>window.jQuery = window.$ = require('jquery');</script>
我在this article中找到了这个解决方案;我已经在Electron的文档中尝试过这个例子,但是没有效果。
如有任何信息缺失,请告知我。
1条答案
按热度按时间bvpmtnay1#
你把你的main and renderer processes搞混了。对于Electron,所有负责UI的代码,即附加到
BrowserWindow
中加载的HTML的JavaScript在渲染器进程中运行,所有其他代码,例如,负责打开窗口或设置app
的代码在主进程中运行。在这个主进程中,您不能使用DOM特定的全局变量,因为主进程是一个纯粹的Node.js。
同样,主进程“environment is detached from your renderer process”(这就是为什么你必须使用IPC在它们之间通信),因此
$
没有在你的main.js
中定义,因为你在renderer HTML中定义了它。如果您改为将以下代码放在HTML文件的末尾(或者甚至将
renderer.js
放在HTML文件的最末尾),您可能会得到所需的结果:毕竟,我建议您通过深入研究Electron的文档(如this article)来熟悉Electron架构,因为如果不熟悉main/renderer的设计原理,就不会有太多问题,只需了解此设计即可轻松解决。