Use scale to mirror the icon:

IconButton(onClick = { backView(true) }) {
    Icon(modifier = Modifier.scale(scaleX = -1f, scaleY = 1f), 
    imageVector = Icons.Filled.ArrowBack, contentDescription = "back")
}

If you want to do this throughout your app, you could just create a Modifier extension function. Here we'll call it mirror :

@Stable
fun Modifier.mirror(): Modifier {
    return if (Locale.getDefault().layoutDirection == LayoutDirection.RTL)
        this.scale(scaleX = -1f, scaleY = 1f)
    else
        this
}

And then apply it:

IconButton(onClick = { backView(true) }) {
    Icon(modifier = Modifier.mirror(), 
    imageVector = Icons.Filled.ArrowBack, contentDescription = "back")
}

See Scale

使用compose 1.2.0版，您需要做的就是将autoMirrored属性添加到矢量可绘制对象中：

<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:width="24dp"
    android:height="24dp"
    android:autoMirrored="true"
    android:viewportWidth="24"
    android:viewportHeight="24">